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<?xml version="1.0"?> | |
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<!DOCTYPE document[ | |
<!ENTITY sect-num '5'> | |
]> | |
<document prev="test_plan.html" next="build-adv-web-test-plan.html" id="$Id: build-web-test-plan.xml 1340241 2012-05-18 20:38:37Z milamber $"> | |
<properties> | |
<title>User's Manual: Building a Web Test Plan</title> | |
</properties> | |
<body> | |
<section name="§-num;. Building a Web Test Plan" anchor="building"> | |
<p>In this section, you will learn how to create a basic | |
<a href="build-test-plan.html">Test Plan</a> to test a Web site. You will | |
create five users that send requests to two pages on the JMeter Web site. | |
Also, you will tell the users to run their tests twice. So, the total number of | |
requests is (5 users) x (2 requests) x (repeat 2 times) = 20 HTTP requests. To | |
construct the Test Plan, you will use the following elements: | |
<a href="test_plan.html#thread_group">Thread Group</a>, | |
<complink name="HTTP Request"/>, | |
<complink name="HTTP Request Defaults"/>, and | |
<complink name="Graph Results"/>.</p> | |
<p>For a more advanced Test Plan, see | |
<a href="build-adv-web-test-plan.html">Building an Advanced Web Test Plan</a>.</p> | |
</section> | |
<!-- | |
<p>After starting JMeter, you see three items in the tree: Root (the parent of | |
all tree elements), Test Plan (you place all of your elements here), and | |
WorkBench (a temporary place to store your elements while constructing a Test | |
Plan).</p>--> | |
<section name="§-num;.1 Adding Users" anchor="adding_users"> | |
<p>The first step you want to do with every JMeter Test Plan is to add a | |
<a href="test_plan.html#thread_group">Thread Group</a> element. The Thread Group tells | |
JMeter the number of users you want to simulate, how often the users should send | |
requests, and the how many requests they should send.</p> | |
<p>Go ahead and add the ThreadGroup element by first selecting the Test Plan, | |
clicking your right mouse button to get the Add menu, and then select | |
Add --> ThreadGroup.</p> | |
<p>You should now see the Thread Group element under Test Plan. If you do not | |
see the element, then "expand" the Test Plan tree by clicking on the | |
Test Plan element.</p> | |
<p>Next, you need to modify the default properties. Select the Thread Group element | |
in the tree, if you have not already selected it. You should now see the Thread | |
Group Control Panel in the right section of the JMeter window (see Figure §-num;.1 | |
below)</p> | |
<figure width="612" height="266" image="webtest/threadgroup.png"> | |
Figure §-num;.1. Thread Group with Default Values</figure> | |
<p>Start by providing a more descriptive name for our Thread Group. In the name | |
field, enter JMeter Users.</p> | |
<p>Next, increase the number of users (called threads) to 5.</p> | |
<p>In the next field, the Ramp-Up Period, leave the the default value of 1 | |
seconds. This property tells JMeter how long to delay between starting each | |
user. For example, if you enter a Ramp-Up Period of 5 seconds, JMeter will | |
finish starting all of your users by the end of the 5 seconds. So, if we have | |
5 users and a 5 second Ramp-Up Period, then the delay between starting users | |
would be 1 second (5 users / 5 seconds = 1 user per second). If you set the | |
value to 0, then JMeter will immediately start all of your users.</p> | |
<p>Finally enter a value of 2 in | |
the Loop Count field. This property tells JMeter how many times to repeat your | |
test. If you enter a loop count value of 1, then JMeter will run your test only | |
once. To have JMeter repeatedly run your Test Plan, select the Forever | |
checkbox.</p> | |
<note>In most applications, you have to manually accept | |
changes you make in a Control Panel. However, in JMeter, the Control Panel | |
automatically accepts your changes as you make them. If you change the | |
name of an element, the tree will be updated with the new text after you | |
leave the Control Panel (for example, when selecting another tree element).</note> | |
<p>See Figure §-num;.2 for the completed JMeter Users Thread Group.</p> | |
<figure width="1040" height="335" image="webtest/threadgroup2.png"> | |
Figure §-num;.2. JMeter Users Thread Group</figure> | |
</section> | |
<section name="§-num;.2 Adding Default HTTP Request Properties" anchor="adding_defaults"> | |
<p>Now that we have defined our users, it is time to define the tasks that they | |
will be performing. In this section, you will specify the default settings | |
for your HTTP requests. And then, in section §-num;.3, you will add HTTP Request | |
elements which use some of the default settings you specified here.</p> | |
<p>Begin by selecting the JMeter Users (Thread Group) element. Click your right mouse button | |
to get the Add menu, and then select Add --> Config Element --> HTTP Request | |
Defaults. Then, select this new element to view its Control Panel (see Figure §-num;.3). | |
</p> | |
<figure width="1037" height="511" image="webtest/http-defaults1.png"> | |
Figure §-num;.3. HTTP Request Defaults</figure> | |
<p> | |
Like most JMeter elements, the <complink name="HTTP Request Defaults"/> Control | |
Panel has a name field that you can modify. In this example, leave this field with | |
the default value.</p> | |
<p>Skip to the next field, which is the Web Server's Server Name/IP. For the | |
Test Plan that you are building, all HTTP requests will be sent to the same | |
Web server, jmeter.apache.org. Enter this domain name into the field. | |
This is the only field that we will specify a default, so leave the remaining | |
fields with their default values.</p> | |
<note>The HTTP Request Defaults element does not tell JMeter | |
to send an HTTP request. It simply defines the default values that the | |
HTTP Request elements use.</note> | |
<p>See Figure §-num;.4 for the completed HTTP Request Defaults element</p> | |
<figure width="1036" height="513" image="webtest/http-defaults2.png"> | |
Figure §-num;.4. HTTP Defaults for our Test Plan</figure> | |
</section> | |
<section name="§-num;.3 Adding Cookie Support" anchor="adding_cookie_support"> | |
<p>Nearly all web testing should use cookie support, unless your application | |
specifically doesn't use cookies. To add cookie support, simply add an | |
<complink name="HTTP Cookie Manager"/> to each <a href="test_plan.html#thread_group">Thread | |
Group</a> in your test plan. This will ensure that each thread gets its own | |
cookies, but shared across all <complink name="HTTP Request"/> objects.</p> | |
<p>To add the <complink name="HTTP Cookie Manager"/>, simply select the | |
<a href="test_plan.html#thread_group">Thread Group</a>, and choose Add --> | |
Config Element --> HTTP | |
Cookie Manager, either from the Edit Menu, or from the right-click pop-up menu.</p> | |
</section> | |
<section name="§-num;.4 Adding HTTP Requests" anchor="adding_requests"> | |
<p>In our Test Plan, we need to make two HTTP requests. The first one is for the | |
JMeter home page (http://jmeter.apache.org/), and the second one is for the | |
Changes page (http://jmeter.apache.org/changes.html).</p> | |
<note>JMeter sends requests in the order that they appear in the tree.</note> | |
<p>Start by adding the first <complink name="HTTP Request"/> | |
to the JMeter Users element (Add --> Sampler --> HTTP Request). | |
Then, select the HTTP Request element in the tree and edit the following properties | |
(see Figure §-num;.5): | |
<ol> | |
<li>Change the Name field to "Home Page".</li> | |
<li>Set the Path field to "/". Remember that you do not have to set the Server | |
Name field because you already specified this value in the HTTP Request Defaults | |
element.</li> | |
</ol> | |
</p> | |
<figure width="1164" height="677" image="webtest/http-request1.png"> | |
Figure §-num;.5. HTTP Request for JMeter Home Page</figure> | |
<p>Next, add the second HTTP Request and edit the following properties (see | |
Figure §-num;.6: | |
<ol> | |
<li>Change the Name field to "Changes".</li> | |
<li>Set the Path field to "/changes.html".</li> | |
</ol> | |
</p> | |
<figure width="1164" height="676" image="webtest/http-request2.png"> | |
Figure §-num;.6. HTTP Request for JMeter Changes Page</figure> | |
</section> | |
<section name="§-num;.5 Adding a Listener to View Store the Test Results" anchor="adding_listener"> | |
<p>The final element you need to add to your Test Plan is a | |
<a href="component_reference.html#listeners">Listener</a>. This element is | |
responsible for storing all of the results of your HTTP requests in a file and presenting | |
a visual model of the data.</p> | |
<p>Select the JMeter Users element and add a <complink name="Graph Results"/> listener (Add --> Listener | |
--> Graph Results). Next, you need to specify a directory and filename of the | |
output file. You can either type it into the filename field, or select the | |
Browse button and browse to a directory and then enter a filename.</p> | |
<figure width="915" height="686" image="graph_results.png"> | |
Figure §-num;.7. Graph Results Listener</figure> | |
</section> | |
<section name="§-num;.6 Logging in to a web-site" anchor="logging_in"> | |
<p> | |
It's not the case here, but some web-sites require you to login before permitting you to perform certain actions. | |
In a web-browser, the login will be shown as a form for the user name and password, | |
and a button to submit the form. | |
The button generates a POST request, passing the values of the form items as parameters. | |
</p> | |
<p> | |
To do this in JMeter, add an HTTP Request, and set the method to POST. | |
You'll need to know the names of the fields used by the form, and the target page. | |
These can be found out by inspecting the code of the login page. | |
[If this is difficult to do, you can use the <a href="component_reference.html#HTTP_Proxy_Server">JMeter Proxy Recorder</a> to record the login sequence.] | |
Set the path to the target of the submit button. | |
Click the Add button twice and enter the username and password details. | |
Sometimes the login form contains additional hidden fields. | |
These will need to be added as well. | |
</p> | |
<figure width="918" height="689" image="webtest/http_login.png"> | |
Figure §-num;.8. Sample HTTP login request</figure> | |
</section> | |
</body> | |
</document> |