diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b44e42 --- /dev/null +++ b/.editorconfig @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# editorconfig.org + +root = true + +[*] +charset = utf-8 +indent_size = 4 +indent_style = space +insert_final_newline = true +trim_trailing_whitespace = true + +[*.md] +trim_trailing_whitespace = false diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68af237 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +## GITATTRIBUTES FOR WEB PROJECTS +# +# These settings are for any web project. +# +# Details per file setting: +# text These files should be normalized (i.e. convert CRLF to LF). +# binary These files are binary and should be left untouched. +# +# Note that binary is a macro for -text -diff. +###################################################################### + +## AUTO-DETECT +## Handle line endings automatically for files detected as +## text and leave all files detected as binary untouched. +## This will handle all files NOT defined below. +* text=auto + +## SOURCE CODE +*.bat text eol=crlf +*.coffee text +*.css text +*.htm text +*.html text +*.inc text +*.ini text +*.js text +*.json text +*.jsx text +*.less text +*.od text +*.onlydata text +*.php text +*.pl text +*.py text +*.rb text +*.sass text +*.scm text +*.scss text +*.sh text eol=lf +*.sql text +*.styl text +*.tag text +*.ts text +*.tsx text +*.xml text +*.xhtml text + +## DOCKER +*.dockerignore text +Dockerfile text + +## DOCUMENTATION +*.markdown text +*.md text +*.mdwn text +*.mdown text +*.mkd text +*.mkdn text +*.mdtxt text +*.mdtext text +*.txt text +AUTHORS text +CHANGELOG text +CHANGES text +CONTRIBUTING text +COPYING text +copyright text +*COPYRIGHT* text +INSTALL text +license text +LICENSE text +NEWS text +readme text +*README* text +TODO text + +## TEMPLATES +*.dot text +*.ejs text +*.haml text +*.handlebars text +*.hbs text +*.hbt text +*.jade text +*.latte text +*.mustache text +*.njk text +*.phtml text +*.tmpl text +*.tpl text +*.twig text + +## LINTERS +.csslintrc text +.eslintrc text +.htmlhintrc text +.jscsrc text +.jshintrc text +.jshintignore text +.stylelintrc text + +## CONFIGS +*.bowerrc text +*.cnf text +*.conf text +*.config text +.browserslistrc text +.editorconfig text +.gitattributes text +.gitconfig text +.gitignore text +.htaccess text +*.npmignore text +*.yaml text +*.yml text +browserslist text +Makefile text +makefile text + +## HEROKU +Procfile text +.slugignore text + +## GRAPHICS +*.ai binary +*.bmp binary +*.eps binary +*.gif binary +*.ico binary +*.jng binary +*.jp2 binary +*.jpg binary +*.jpeg binary +*.jpx binary +*.jxr binary +*.pdf binary +*.png binary +*.psb binary +*.psd binary +*.svg text +*.svgz binary +*.tif binary +*.tiff binary +*.wbmp binary +*.webp binary + +## AUDIO +*.kar binary +*.m4a binary +*.mid binary +*.midi binary +*.mp3 binary +*.ogg binary +*.ra binary + +## VIDEO +*.3gpp binary +*.3gp binary +*.as binary +*.asf binary +*.asx binary +*.fla binary +*.flv binary +*.m4v binary +*.mng binary +*.mov binary +*.mp4 binary +*.mpeg binary +*.mpg binary +*.ogv binary +*.swc binary +*.swf binary +*.webm binary + +## ARCHIVES +*.7z binary +*.gz binary +*.jar binary +*.rar binary +*.tar binary +*.zip binary + +## FONTS +*.ttf binary +*.eot binary +*.otf binary +*.woff binary +*.woff2 binary + +## EXECUTABLES +*.exe binary +*.pyc binary diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef8f3b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Include your project-specific ignores in this file +# Read about how to use .gitignore: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files +# Useful .gitignore templates: https://github.com/github/gitignore diff --git a/.htaccess b/.htaccess new file mode 100644 index 0000000..446a926 --- /dev/null +++ b/.htaccess @@ -0,0 +1,984 @@ +# Apache Server Configs v2.14.0 | MIT License +# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache + +# (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have +# access to the main server configuration file (which is usually called +# `httpd.conf`), you should add this logic there. +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html. + +# ###################################################################### +# # CROSS-ORIGIN # +# ###################################################################### + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Cross-origin requests | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Allow cross-origin requests. +# +# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS +# http://enable-cors.org/ +# http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/ + +# +# Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" +# + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Cross-origin images | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it. +# +# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image +# https://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html + + + + + SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS + Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Cross-origin web fonts | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Allow cross-origin access to web fonts. + + + + Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Cross-origin resource timing | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Allow cross-origin access to the timing information for all resources. +# +# If a resource isn't served with a `Timing-Allow-Origin` header that +# would allow its timing information to be shared with the document, +# some of the attributes of the `PerformanceResourceTiming` object will +# be set to zero. +# +# http://www.w3.org/TR/resource-timing/ +# http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2014/08/21/resource-timing-practical-tips/ + +# +# Header set Timing-Allow-Origin: "*" +# + + +# ###################################################################### +# # ERRORS # +# ###################################################################### + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Custom error messages/pages | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error. +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument + +ErrorDocument 404 /404.html + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Error prevention | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Disable the pattern matching based on filenames. +# +# This setting prevents Apache from returning a 404 error as the result +# of a rewrite when the directory with the same name does not exist. +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews + +Options -MultiViews + + +# ###################################################################### +# # INTERNET EXPLORER # +# ###################################################################### + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Document modes | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render pages in the highest mode +# available in the various cases when it may not. +# +# https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8 +# +# (!) Starting with Internet Explorer 11, document modes are deprecated. +# If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were +# designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to +# consider enabling `Enterprise Mode` throughout your company. +# +# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/bg182625.aspx#docmode +# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11.aspx + + + + Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge" + + # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, + # the `X-UA-Compatible` response header should be send only for + # HTML documents and not for the other resources. + + + Header unset X-UA-Compatible + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Iframes cookies | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Allow cookies to be set from iframes in Internet Explorer. +# +# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537343.aspx +# http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-P3P-20001215/ + +# +# Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\"" +# + + +# ###################################################################### +# # MEDIA TYPES AND CHARACTER ENCODINGS # +# ###################################################################### + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Media types | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Serve resources with the proper media types (f.k.a. MIME types). +# +# https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addtype + + + + # Data interchange + + AddType application/atom+xml atom + AddType application/json json map topojson + AddType application/ld+json jsonld + AddType application/rss+xml rss + AddType application/vnd.geo+json geojson + AddType application/xml rdf xml + + + # JavaScript + + # Normalize to standard type. + # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2 + + AddType application/javascript js + + + # Manifest files + + AddType application/manifest+json webmanifest + AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp + AddType text/cache-manifest appcache + + + # Media files + + AddType audio/mp4 f4a f4b m4a + AddType audio/ogg oga ogg opus + AddType image/bmp bmp + AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz + AddType image/webp webp + AddType video/mp4 f4v f4p m4v mp4 + AddType video/ogg ogv + AddType video/webm webm + AddType video/x-flv flv + + # Serving `.ico` image files with a different media type + # prevents Internet Explorer from displaying then as images: + # https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/commit/37b5fec090d00f38de64b591bcddcb205aadf8ee + + AddType image/x-icon cur ico + + + # Web fonts + + AddType application/font-woff woff + AddType application/font-woff2 woff2 + AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot + + # Browsers usually ignore the font media types and simply sniff + # the bytes to figure out the font type. + # https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#matching-a-font-type-pattern + # + # However, Blink and WebKit based browsers will show a warning + # in the console if the following font types are served with any + # other media types. + + AddType application/x-font-ttf ttc ttf + AddType font/opentype otf + + + # Other + + AddType application/octet-stream safariextz + AddType application/x-bb-appworld bbaw + AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx + AddType application/x-opera-extension oex + AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi + AddType text/vcard vcard vcf + AddType text/vnd.rim.location.xloc xloc + AddType text/vtt vtt + AddType text/x-component htc + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Character encodings | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Serve all resources labeled as `text/html` or `text/plain` +# with the media type `charset` parameter set to `UTF-8`. +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset + +AddDefaultCharset utf-8 + +# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +# Serve the following file types with the media type `charset` +# parameter set to `UTF-8`. +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addcharset + + + AddCharset utf-8 .atom \ + .bbaw \ + .css \ + .geojson \ + .js \ + .json \ + .jsonld \ + .manifest \ + .rdf \ + .rss \ + .topojson \ + .vtt \ + .webapp \ + .webmanifest \ + .xloc \ + .xml + + + +# ###################################################################### +# # REWRITES # +# ###################################################################### + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Rewrite engine | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# (1) Turn on the rewrite engine (this is necessary in order for +# the `RewriteRule` directives to work). +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteEngine +# +# (2) Enable the `FollowSymLinks` option if it isn't already. +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#options +# +# (3) If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option, +# you need to comment it out or remove it, and then uncomment +# the `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch` line (4), but be aware +# of the performance impact. +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks +# +# (4) Some cloud hosting services will require you set `RewriteBase`. +# +# https://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-modrewrite-not-working-on-my-site +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritebase +# +# (5) Depending on how your server is set up, you may also need to +# use the `RewriteOptions` directive to enable some options for +# the rewrite engine. +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriteoptions +# +# (6) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the +# appropriate schema automatically (http or https). + + + + # (1) + RewriteEngine On + + # (2) + Options +FollowSymlinks + + # (3) + # Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch + + # (4) + # RewriteBase / + + # (5) + # RewriteOptions + + # (6) + RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on + RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:https] + RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on + RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:http] + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Forcing `https://` | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Redirect from the `http://` to the `https://` version of the URL. +# https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/RewriteHTTPToHTTPS + +# +# RewriteEngine On +# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on +# RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L] +# + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Suppressing / Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# The same content should never be available under two different +# URLs, especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning. +# This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, +# you should choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other +# one. +# +# By default `Option 1` (no `www.`) is activated. +# http://no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b +# +# If you would prefer to use `Option 2`, just comment out all the +# lines from `Option 1` and uncomment the ones from `Option 2`. +# +# (!) NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME! + +# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +# Option 1: rewrite www.example.com → example.com + + + RewriteEngine On + RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on + RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] + RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] + + +# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +# Option 2: rewrite example.com → www.example.com +# +# Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real" +# subdomains for certain parts of your website. + +# +# RewriteEngine On +# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on +# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC] +# RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1 +# RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1 +# RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] +# + + +# ###################################################################### +# # SECURITY # +# ###################################################################### + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Clickjacking | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Protect website against clickjacking. +# +# The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with +# the value `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the content of +# the web page in any frame. +# +# This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read +# about the other two possible values the `X-Frame-Options` header +# field can have: `SAMEORIGIN` and `ALLOW-FROM`. +# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1. +# +# Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header +# for all of your website’s pages, this has the potential downside that +# it forbids even non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when +# users visit your website using a Google Image Search results page). +# +# Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options` +# header for all pages that allow a user to make a state changing +# operation (e.g: pages that contain one-click purchase links, checkout +# or bank-transfer confirmation pages, pages that make permanent +# configuration changes, etc.). +# +# Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website +# against more than just clickjacking attacks: +# https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf. +# +# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034 +# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options.aspx +# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking + +# + +# Header set X-Frame-Options "DENY" + +# # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, +# # the `X-Frame-Options` response header should be send only for +# # HTML documents and not for the other resources. + +# +# Header unset X-Frame-Options +# + +# + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Content Security Policy (CSP) | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection +# attacks. +# +# This can be done by setting a `Content Security Policy` which +# whitelists trusted sources of content for your website. +# +# The example header below allows ONLY scripts that are loaded from +# the current website's origin (no inline scripts, no CDN, etc). +# That almost certainly won't work as-is for your website! +# +# To make things easier, you can use an online CSP header generator +# such as: http://cspisawesome.com/. +# +# http://content-security-policy.com/ +# http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/ +# http://www.w3.org/TR/CSP11/). + +# + +# Header set Content-Security-Policy "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'" + +# # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, +# # the `Content-Security-Policy` response header should be send +# # only for HTML documents and not for the other resources. + +# +# Header unset Content-Security-Policy +# + +# + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | File access | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Block access to directories without a default document. +# +# You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow +# anyone to surf through every directory on your server (which may +# includes rather private places such as the CMS's directories). + + + Options -Indexes + + +# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +# Block access to all hidden files and directories with the exception of +# the visible content from within the `/.well-known/` hidden directory. +# +# These types of files usually contain user preferences or the preserved +# state of an utility, and can include rather private places like, for +# example, the `.git` or `.svn` directories. +# +# The `/.well-known/` directory represents the standard (RFC 5785) path +# prefix for "well-known locations" (e.g.: `/.well-known/manifest.json`, +# `/.well-known/keybase.txt`), and therefore, access to its visible +# content should not be blocked. +# +# https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known +# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785 + + + RewriteEngine On + RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "!(^|/)\.well-known/([^./]+./?)+$" [NC] + RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR] + RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f + RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F] + + +# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +# Block access to files that can expose sensitive information. +# +# By default, block access to backup and source files that may be +# left by some text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone +# has access to them. +# +# http://feross.org/cmsploit/ +# +# (!) Update the `` regular expression from below to +# include any files that might end up on your production server and +# can expose sensitive information about your website. These files may +# include: configuration files, files that contain metadata about the +# project (e.g.: project dependencies), build scripts, etc.. + + + + # Apache < 2.3 + + Order allow,deny + Deny from all + Satisfy All + + + # Apache ≥ 2.3 + + Require all denied + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Force client-side SSL redirection. +# +# If a user types `example.com` in their browser, even if the server +# redirects them to the secure version of the website, that still leaves +# a window of opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker +# to downgrade or redirect the request. +# +# The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to your +# server via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the browser's +# address bar. +# +# (!) Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the website's +# subdomains are not using HTTPS. +# +# http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/ +# https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1 +# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2014/08/18/hsts-strict-transport-security-attacks-mitigations-deployment-https.aspx + +# +# Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains" +# + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Reducing MIME type security risks | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response. +# +# This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin +# data leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the server +# is serving user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be +# treated as executable by the browser. +# +# http://www.slideshare.net/hasegawayosuke/owasp-hasegawa +# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection.aspx +# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941.aspx +# https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/ + + + Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# (1) Try to re-enable the cross-site scripting (XSS) filter built +# into most web browsers. +# +# The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases it +# may be disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer for +# example, it can be re-enabled just by sending the +# `X-XSS-Protection` header with the value of `1`. +# +# (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential +# reflected (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the +# filter. +# +# By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a +# reflected XSS attack, they will attempt to block the attack +# by making the smallest possible modifications to the returned +# web page. +# +# Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer), +# this default behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited, +# thereby, it's better to inform browsers to prevent the rendering +# of the page altogether, instead of attempting to modify it. +# +# https://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities +# +# (!) Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that +# you are taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the +# most obvious being: validating and sanitizing your website's inputs. +# +# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter.aspx +# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2011/01/31/controlling-the-internet-explorer-xss-filter-with-the-x-xss-protection-http-header.aspx +# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29 + +# + +# # (1) (2) +# Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" + +# # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, +# # the `X-XSS-Protection` response header should be send only for +# # HTML documents and not for the other resources. + +# +# Header unset X-XSS-Protection +# + +# + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Server-side technology information | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Remove the `X-Powered-By` response header that: +# +# * is set by some frameworks and server-side languages +# (e.g.: ASP.NET, PHP), and its value contains information +# about them (e.g.: their name, version number) +# +# * doesn't provide any value as far as users are concern, +# and in some cases, the information provided by it can +# be used by attackers +# +# (!) If you can, you should disable the `X-Powered-By` header from the +# language / framework level (e.g.: for PHP, you can do that by setting +# `expose_php = off` in `php.ini`) +# +# https://php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.expose-php + + + Header unset X-Powered-By + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Server software information | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Prevent Apache from adding a trailing footer line containing +# information about the server to the server-generated documents +# (e.g.: error messages, directory listings, etc.) +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#serversignature + +ServerSignature Off + +# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +# Prevent Apache from sending in the `Server` response header its +# exact version number, the description of the generic OS-type or +# information about its compiled-in modules. +# +# (!) The `ServerTokens` directive will only work in the main server +# configuration file, so don't try to enable it in the `.htaccess` file! +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#servertokens + +#ServerTokens Prod + + +# ###################################################################### +# # WEB PERFORMANCE # +# ###################################################################### + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Compression | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + + + + # Force compression for mangled `Accept-Encoding` request headers + # https://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/pushing-beyond-gzipping-25601.html + + + + SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding + RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding + + + + # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + # Compress all output labeled with one of the following media types. + # + # (!) For Apache versions below version 2.3.7 you don't need to + # enable `mod_filter` and can remove the `` + # and `` lines as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in + # the core directives. + # + # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_filter.html#addoutputfilterbytype + + + AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE "application/atom+xml" \ + "application/javascript" \ + "application/json" \ + "application/ld+json" \ + "application/manifest+json" \ + "application/rdf+xml" \ + "application/rss+xml" \ + "application/schema+json" \ + "application/vnd.geo+json" \ + "application/vnd.ms-fontobject" \ + "application/x-font-ttf" \ + "application/x-javascript" \ + "application/x-web-app-manifest+json" \ + "application/xhtml+xml" \ + "application/xml" \ + "font/eot" \ + "font/opentype" \ + "image/bmp" \ + "image/svg+xml" \ + "image/vnd.microsoft.icon" \ + "image/x-icon" \ + "text/cache-manifest" \ + "text/css" \ + "text/html" \ + "text/javascript" \ + "text/plain" \ + "text/vcard" \ + "text/vnd.rim.location.xloc" \ + "text/vtt" \ + "text/x-component" \ + "text/x-cross-domain-policy" \ + "text/xml" + + + + # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + # Map the following filename extensions to the specified + # encoding type in order to make Apache serve the file types + # with the appropriate `Content-Encoding` response header + # (do note that this will NOT make Apache compress them!). + # + # If these files types would be served without an appropriate + # `Content-Enable` response header, client applications (e.g.: + # browsers) wouldn't know that they first need to uncompress + # the response, and thus, wouldn't be able to understand the + # content. + # + # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addencoding + + + AddEncoding gzip svgz + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Content transformation | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Prevent intermediate caches or proxies (e.g.: such as the ones +# used by mobile network providers) from modifying the website's +# content. +# +# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-14.9.5 +# +# (!) If you are using `mod_pagespeed`, please note that setting +# the `Cache-Control: no-transform` response header will prevent +# `PageSpeed` from rewriting `HTML` files, and, if the +# `ModPagespeedDisableRewriteOnNoTransform` directive isn't set +# to `off`, also from rewriting other resources. +# +# https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/module/configuration#notransform + +# +# Header merge Cache-Control "no-transform" +# + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | ETags | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers. +# +# https://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags +# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-2.3 + +# `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases. + + Header unset ETag + + +FileETag None + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Expires headers | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Serve resources with far-future expires headers. +# +# (!) If you don't control versioning with filename-based +# cache busting, you should consider lowering the cache times +# to something like one week. +# +# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_expires.html + + + + ExpiresActive on + ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 month" + + # CSS + + ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year" + + + # Data interchange + + ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour" + ExpiresByType application/rdf+xml "access plus 1 hour" + ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour" + + ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds" + ExpiresByType application/ld+json "access plus 0 seconds" + ExpiresByType application/schema+json "access plus 0 seconds" + ExpiresByType application/vnd.geo+json "access plus 0 seconds" + ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds" + ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds" + + + # Favicon (cannot be renamed!) and cursor images + + ExpiresByType image/vnd.microsoft.icon "access plus 1 week" + ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week" + + # HTML + + ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds" + + + # JavaScript + + ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year" + ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 year" + ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 year" + + + # Manifest files + + ExpiresByType application/manifest+json "access plus 1 week" + ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds" + ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds" + + + # Media files + + ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/bmp "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/webp "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month" + + + # Web fonts + + # Embedded OpenType (EOT) + ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType font/eot "access plus 1 month" + + # OpenType + ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month" + + # TrueType + ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month" + + # Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 1.0 + ExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType font/woff "access plus 1 month" + + # Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 2.0 + ExpiresByType application/font-woff2 "access plus 1 month" + + + # Other + + ExpiresByType text/x-cross-domain-policy "access plus 1 week" + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | File concatenation | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Allow concatenation from within specific files. +# +# e.g.: +# +# If you have the following lines in a file called, for +# example, `main.combined.js`: +# +# +# +# +# Apache will replace those lines with the content of the +# specified files. + +# +# +# Options +Includes +# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript \ +# application/x-javascript \ +# text/javascript +# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES +# +# +# Options +Includes +# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css +# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES +# +# + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# | Filename-based cache busting | +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version +# revving, you might want to consider enabling the following directives +# to route all requests such as `/style.12345.css` to `/style.css`. +# +# To understand why this is important and even a better solution than +# using something like `*.css?v231`, please see: +# http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/ + +# +# RewriteEngine On +# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f +# RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(bmp|css|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|js|png|svgz?|webp|webmanifest)$ $1.$3 [L] +# diff --git a/404.html b/404.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..778d7ea --- /dev/null +++ b/404.html @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + + + + + Page Not Found + + + + +

Page Not Found

+

Sorry, but the page you were trying to view does not exist.

+ + + diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..294e91d --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +Copyright (c) HTML5 Boilerplate + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of +this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in +the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to +use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies +of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do +so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all +copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE +SOFTWARE. diff --git a/browserconfig.xml b/browserconfig.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..219b759 --- /dev/null +++ b/browserconfig.xml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/css/main.css b/css/main.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..46098cf --- /dev/null +++ b/css/main.css @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +/*! HTML5 Boilerplate v6.0.1 | MIT License | https://html5boilerplate.com/ */ + +/* + * What follows is the result of much research on cross-browser styling. + * Credit left inline and big thanks to Nicolas Gallagher, Jonathan Neal, + * Kroc Camen, and the H5BP dev community and team. + */ + +/* ========================================================================== + Base styles: opinionated defaults + ========================================================================== */ + +html { + color: #222; + font-size: 1em; + line-height: 1.4; +} + +/* + * Remove text-shadow in selection highlight: + * https://twitter.com/miketaylr/status/12228805301 + * + * Vendor-prefixed and regular ::selection selectors cannot be combined: + * https://stackoverflow.com/a/16982510/7133471 + * + * Customize the background color to match your design. + */ + +::-moz-selection { + background: #b3d4fc; + text-shadow: none; +} + +::selection { + background: #b3d4fc; + text-shadow: none; +} + +/* + * A better looking default horizontal rule + */ + +hr { + display: block; + height: 1px; + border: 0; + border-top: 1px solid #ccc; + margin: 1em 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * Remove the gap between audio, canvas, iframes, + * images, videos and the bottom of their containers: + * https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/440 + */ + +audio, +canvas, +iframe, +img, +svg, +video { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +/* + * Remove default fieldset styles. + */ + +fieldset { + border: 0; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * Allow only vertical resizing of textareas. + */ + +textarea { + resize: vertical; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Browser Upgrade Prompt + ========================================================================== */ + +.browserupgrade { + margin: 0.2em 0; + background: #ccc; + color: #000; + padding: 0.2em 0; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Author's custom styles + ========================================================================== */ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +/* ========================================================================== + Helper classes + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Hide visually and from screen readers + */ + +.hidden { + display: none !important; +} + +/* + * Hide only visually, but have it available for screen readers: + * https://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility + * + * 1. For long content, line feeds are not interpreted as spaces and small width + * causes content to wrap 1 word per line: + * https://medium.com/@jessebeach/beware-smushed-off-screen-accessible-text-5952a4c2cbfe + */ + +.visuallyhidden { + border: 0; + clip: rect(0 0 0 0); + -webkit-clip-path: inset(50%); + clip-path: inset(50%); + height: 1px; + margin: -1px; + overflow: hidden; + padding: 0; + position: absolute; + width: 1px; + white-space: nowrap; /* 1 */ +} + +/* + * Extends the .visuallyhidden class to allow the element + * to be focusable when navigated to via the keyboard: + * https://www.drupal.org/node/897638 + */ + +.visuallyhidden.focusable:active, +.visuallyhidden.focusable:focus { + clip: auto; + -webkit-clip-path: none; + clip-path: none; + height: auto; + margin: 0; + overflow: visible; + position: static; + width: auto; + white-space: inherit; +} + +/* + * Hide visually and from screen readers, but maintain layout + */ + +.invisible { + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* + * Clearfix: contain floats + * + * For modern browsers + * 1. The space content is one way to avoid an Opera bug when the + * `contenteditable` attribute is included anywhere else in the document. + * Otherwise it causes space to appear at the top and bottom of elements + * that receive the `clearfix` class. + * 2. The use of `table` rather than `block` is only necessary if using + * `:before` to contain the top-margins of child elements. + */ + +.clearfix:before, +.clearfix:after { + content: " "; /* 1 */ + display: table; /* 2 */ +} + +.clearfix:after { + clear: both; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + EXAMPLE Media Queries for Responsive Design. + These examples override the primary ('mobile first') styles. + Modify as content requires. + ========================================================================== */ + +@media only screen and (min-width: 35em) { + /* Style adjustments for viewports that meet the condition */ +} + +@media print, + (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), + (min-resolution: 1.25dppx), + (min-resolution: 120dpi) { + /* Style adjustments for high resolution devices */ +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Print styles. + Inlined to avoid the additional HTTP request: + http://www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/ + ========================================================================== */ + +@media print { + *, + *:before, + *:after { + background: transparent !important; + color: #000 !important; /* Black prints faster: + http://www.sanbeiji.com/archives/953 */ + box-shadow: none !important; + text-shadow: none !important; + } + + a, + a:visited { + text-decoration: underline; + } + + a[href]:after { + content: " (" attr(href) ")"; + } + + abbr[title]:after { + content: " (" attr(title) ")"; + } + + /* + * Don't show links that are fragment identifiers, + * or use the `javascript:` pseudo protocol + */ + + a[href^="#"]:after, + a[href^="javascript:"]:after { + content: ""; + } + + pre { + white-space: pre-wrap !important; + } + pre, + blockquote { + border: 1px solid #999; + page-break-inside: avoid; + } + + /* + * Printing Tables: + * http://css-discuss.incutio.com/wiki/Printing_Tables + */ + + thead { + display: table-header-group; + } + + tr, + img { + page-break-inside: avoid; + } + + p, + h2, + h3 { + orphans: 3; + widows: 3; + } + + h2, + h3 { + page-break-after: avoid; + } +} diff --git a/css/normalize.css b/css/normalize.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa4e73d --- /dev/null +++ b/css/normalize.css @@ -0,0 +1,447 @@ +/*! normalize.css v7.0.0 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */ + +/* Document + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * 1. Correct the line height in all browsers. + * 2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in + * IE on Windows Phone and in iOS. + */ + +html { + line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */ + -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ + -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ +} + +/* Sections + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Remove the margin in all browsers (opinionated). + */ + +body { + margin: 0; +} + +/** + * Add the correct display in IE 9-. + */ + +article, +aside, +footer, +header, +nav, +section { + display: block; +} + +/** + * Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and + * `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. + */ + +h1 { + font-size: 2em; + margin: 0.67em 0; +} + +/* Grouping content + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Add the correct display in IE 9-. + * 1. Add the correct display in IE. + */ + +figcaption, +figure, +main { /* 1 */ + display: block; +} + +/** + * Add the correct margin in IE 8. + */ + +figure { + margin: 1em 40px; +} + +/** + * 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox. + * 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE. + */ + +hr { + box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 */ + height: 0; /* 1 */ + overflow: visible; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers. + * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers. + */ + +pre { + font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */ + font-size: 1em; /* 2 */ +} + +/* Text-level semantics + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * 1. Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10. + * 2. Remove gaps in links underline in iOS 8+ and Safari 8+. + */ + +a { + background-color: transparent; /* 1 */ + -webkit-text-decoration-skip: objects; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57- and Firefox 39-. + * 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari. + */ + +abbr[title] { + border-bottom: none; /* 1 */ + text-decoration: underline; /* 2 */ + text-decoration: underline dotted; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Prevent the duplicate application of `bolder` by the next rule in Safari 6. + */ + +b, +strong { + font-weight: inherit; +} + +/** + * Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari. + */ + +b, +strong { + font-weight: bolder; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers. + * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers. + */ + +code, +kbd, +samp { + font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */ + font-size: 1em; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Add the correct font style in Android 4.3-. + */ + +dfn { + font-style: italic; +} + +/** + * Add the correct background and color in IE 9-. + */ + +mark { + background-color: #ff0; + color: #000; +} + +/** + * Add the correct font size in all browsers. + */ + +small { + font-size: 80%; +} + +/** + * Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in + * all browsers. + */ + +sub, +sup { + font-size: 75%; + line-height: 0; + position: relative; + vertical-align: baseline; +} + +sub { + bottom: -0.25em; +} + +sup { + top: -0.5em; +} + +/* Embedded content + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Add the correct display in IE 9-. + */ + +audio, +video { + display: inline-block; +} + +/** + * Add the correct display in iOS 4-7. + */ + +audio:not([controls]) { + display: none; + height: 0; +} + +/** + * Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10-. + */ + +img { + border-style: none; +} + +/** + * Hide the overflow in IE. + */ + +svg:not(:root) { + overflow: hidden; +} + +/* Forms + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * 1. Change the font styles in all browsers (opinionated). + * 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari. + */ + +button, +input, +optgroup, +select, +textarea { + font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */ + font-size: 100%; /* 1 */ + line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */ + margin: 0; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Show the overflow in IE. + * 1. Show the overflow in Edge. + */ + +button, +input { /* 1 */ + overflow: visible; +} + +/** + * Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE. + * 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox. + */ + +button, +select { /* 1 */ + text-transform: none; +} + +/** + * 1. Prevent a WebKit bug where (2) destroys native `audio` and `video` + * controls in Android 4. + * 2. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari. + */ + +button, +html [type="button"], /* 1 */ +[type="reset"], +[type="submit"] { + -webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox. + */ + +button::-moz-focus-inner, +[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner, +[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner, +[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner { + border-style: none; + padding: 0; +} + +/** + * Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule. + */ + +button:-moz-focusring, +[type="button"]:-moz-focusring, +[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring, +[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring { + outline: 1px dotted ButtonText; +} + +/** + * Correct the padding in Firefox. + */ + +fieldset { + padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE. + * 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE. + * 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out + * `fieldset` elements in all browsers. + */ + +legend { + box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ + color: inherit; /* 2 */ + display: table; /* 1 */ + max-width: 100%; /* 1 */ + padding: 0; /* 3 */ + white-space: normal; /* 1 */ +} + +/** + * 1. Add the correct display in IE 9-. + * 2. Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera. + */ + +progress { + display: inline-block; /* 1 */ + vertical-align: baseline; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE. + */ + +textarea { + overflow: auto; +} + +/** + * 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10-. + * 2. Remove the padding in IE 10-. + */ + +[type="checkbox"], +[type="radio"] { + box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ + padding: 0; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome. + */ + +[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button, +[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button { + height: auto; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari. + * 2. Correct the outline style in Safari. + */ + +[type="search"] { + -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */ + outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Remove the inner padding and cancel buttons in Chrome and Safari on macOS. + */ + +[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button, +[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration { + -webkit-appearance: none; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari. + * 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari. + */ + +::-webkit-file-upload-button { + -webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */ + font: inherit; /* 2 */ +} + +/* Interactive + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Add the correct display in IE 9-. + * 1. Add the correct display in Edge, IE, and Firefox. + */ + +details, /* 1 */ +menu { + display: block; +} + +/* + * Add the correct display in all browsers. + */ + +summary { + display: list-item; +} + +/* Scripting + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Add the correct display in IE 9-. + */ + +canvas { + display: inline-block; +} + +/** + * Add the correct display in IE. + */ + +template { + display: none; +} + +/* Hidden + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Add the correct display in IE 10-. + */ + +[hidden] { + display: none; +} diff --git a/doc/TOC.md b/doc/TOC.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e0e950 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/TOC.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) + +## Getting started + +* [Usage](usage.md) — Overview of the project contents. +* [FAQ](faq.md) — Frequently asked questions along with their answers. + +## HTML5 Boilerplate core + +* [HTML](html.md) — Guide to the default HTML. +* [CSS](css.md) — Guide to the default CSS. +* [JavaScript](js.md) — Guide to the default JavaScript. +* [Everything else](misc.md). + +## Development + +* [Extending and customizing HTML5 Boilerplate](extend.md) — Going further + with the boilerplate. + +## Related projects + +The [H5BP organization](https://github.com/h5bp) maintains several projects +that complement HTML5 Boilerplate, projects that can help you improve different +aspects of your website/web app (e.g.: the performance, security, etc.). + +* [Server Configs](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) — Fast and + smart configurations for web servers such as Apache and Nginx. + * [Apache](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache) + * [Google App Engine (GAE)](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-gae) + * [Internet Information Services (IIS)](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-iis) + * [lighttpd](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-lighttpd) + * [Nginx](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-nginx) + * [Node.js](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-node) +* [Ant Build Script](https://github.com/h5bp/ant-build-script) — Apache + Ant based build script. diff --git a/doc/css.md b/doc/css.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac853ef --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/css.md @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The CSS + +HTML5 Boilerplate's CSS includes: + +* [Normalize.css](#normalizecss) +* [Useful defaults](#useful-defaults) +* [Common helpers](#common-helpers) +* [Placeholder media queries](#media-queries) +* [Print styles](#print-styles) + +This starting CSS does not rely on the presence of +[conditional class names](https://www.paulirish.com/2008/conditional-stylesheets-vs-css-hacks-answer-neither/), +[conditional style sheets](https://css-tricks.com/how-to-create-an-ie-only-stylesheet/), +or [Modernizr](https://modernizr.com/), and it is ready to use no matter what +your development preferences happen to be. + + +## Normalize.css + +In order to make browsers render all elements more consistently and in line +with modern standards, we include +[Normalize.css](https://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/) — a modern, HTML5-ready +alternative to CSS resets. + +As opposed to CSS resets, Normalize.css: + +* targets only the styles that need normalizing +* preserves useful browser defaults rather than erasing them +* corrects bugs and common browser inconsistencies +* improves usability with subtle improvements +* doesn't clutter the debugging tools +* has better documentation + +For more information about Normalize.css, please refer to its [project +page](https://necolas.github.com/normalize.css/), as well as this +[blog post](http://nicolasgallagher.com/about-normalize-css/). + + +## Useful defaults + +Several base styles are included that build upon `Normalize.css`. These +styles: + +* provide basic typography settings that improve text readability +* protect against unwanted `text-shadow` during text highlighting +* tweak the default alignment of some elements (e.g.: `img`, `video`, + `fieldset`, `textarea`) +* style the prompt that is displayed to users using an outdated browser + +You are free and even encouraged to modify or add to these base styles as your +project requires. + + +## Common helpers + +Along with the base styles, we also provide some commonly used helper classes. + +#### `.hidden` + +The `hidden` class can be added to any element that you want to hide visually +and from screen readers. It could be an element that will be populated and +displayed later, or an element you will hide with JavaScript. + +#### `.visuallyhidden` + +The `visuallyhidden` class can be added to any element that you want to hide +visually, while still have its content accessible to screen readers. + +See also: + +* [CSS in Action: Invisible Content Just for Screen Reader + Users](http://webaim.org/techniques/css/invisiblecontent/) +* [Hiding content for + accessibility](https://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility) +* [HTML5 Boilerplate - Issue #194](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/194). + +__N.B.__ [The visuallyhidden class can be an accessibility issue for users using high contrast modes.](https://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/2012/08/notes-on-accessible-css-image-sprites/) + +>Use JavaScript to detect when images are disabled and remove the CSS visually hidden display state of the text alternative. +Use JavaScript to detect when Windows high contrast mode is enabled and remove the CSS visually hidden display state of the text alternative. + +#### `.invisible` + +The `invisible` class can be added to any element that you want to hide +visually and from screen readers, but without affecting the layout. + +As opposed to the `hidden` class that effectively removes the element from the +layout, the `invisible` class will simply make the element invisible while +keeping it in the flow and not affecting the positioning of the surrounding +content. + +__N.B.__ Try to stay away from, and don't use the classes specified above for +[keyword stuffing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword_stuffing) as you will +harm your site's ranking! + +#### `.clearfix` + +The `clearfix` class can be added to any element to ensure that it always fully +contains its floated children. + +Over the years there have been many variants of the clearfix hack, but currently, +we use the [micro clearfix](http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/). + + +## Media Queries + +HTML5 Boilerplate makes it easy for you to get started with a +[_mobile first_](http://www.lukew.com/presos/preso.asp?26) and [_responsive web +design_](http://alistapart.com/article/responsive-web-design) approach to +development. But it's worth remembering that there are [no silver +bullets](https://cloudfour.com/thinks/css-media-query-for-mobile-is-fools-gold/). + +We include placeholder media queries to help you build up your mobile styles for +wider viewports and high-resolution displays. It's recommended that you adapt +these media queries based on the content of your site rather than mirroring the +fixed dimensions of specific devices. + +If you do not want to take the _mobile first_ approach, you can simply edit or +remove these placeholder media queries. One possibility would be to work from +wide viewports down, and use `max-width` media queries instead (e.g.: +`@media only screen and (max-width: 480px)`). + + +## Print styles + +Lastly, we provide some useful print styles that will optimize the printing +process, as well as make the printed pages easier to read. + +At printing time, these styles will: + +* strip all background colors, change the font color to black, and remove the + `text-shadow` — done in order to [help save printer ink and speed up the + printing process](http://www.sanbeiji.com/archives/953) +* underline and expand links to include the URL — done in order to allow users + to know where to refer to
+ (exceptions to this are: the links that are + [fragment identifiers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#attr-href), + or use the + [`javascript:` pseudo protocol](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/void#JavaScript_URIs)) +* expand abbreviations to include the full description — done in order to allow + users to know what the abbreviations stands for +* provide instructions on how browsers should break the content into pages and + on [orphans/widows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_and_orphans), namely, + we instruct + [supporting browsers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_layout_engines_%28Cascading_Style_Sheets%29#Grammar_and_rules) + that they should: + + * ensure the table header (``) is [printed on each page spanned by the + table](http://css-discuss.incutio.com/wiki/Printing_Tables) + * prevent block quotations, preformatted text, images and table rows from + being split onto two different pages + * ensure that headings never appear on a different page than the text they + are associated with + * ensure that + [orphans and widows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_and_orphans) do + [not appear on printed pages](https://css-tricks.com/almanac/properties/o/orphans/) + +The print styles are included along with the other `css` to [avoid the +additional HTTP request](http://www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/). +Also, they should always be included last, so that the other styles can be +overwritten. diff --git a/doc/extend.md b/doc/extend.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e051ca --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/extend.md @@ -0,0 +1,693 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Extend and customise HTML5 Boilerplate + +Here is some useful advice for how you can make your project with HTML5 +Boilerplate even better. We don't want to include it all by default, as +not everything fits with everyone's needs. + + +* [App Stores](#app-stores) +* [DNS prefetching](#dns-prefetching) +* [Google Universal Analytics](#google-universal-analytics) +* [Internet Explorer](#internet-explorer) +* [Miscellaneous](#miscellaneous) +* [News Feeds](#news-feeds) +* [Search](#search) +* [Social Networks](#social-networks) +* [URLs](#urls) +* [Web Apps](#web-apps) + + +## App Stores + +### Smart App Banners in iOS 6+ Safari + +Stop bothering everyone with gross modals advertising your entry in the +App Store. Include the following [meta tag](https://developer.apple.com/library/IOS/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/PromotingAppswithAppBanners/PromotingAppswithAppBanners.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40002051-CH6-SW2) +will unintrusively allow the user the option to download your iOS app, +or open it with some data about the user's current state on the website. + +```html + +``` + +## DNS prefetching + +In short, DNS Prefetching is a method of informing the browser of domain names +referenced on a site so that the client can resolve the DNS for those hosts, +cache them, and when it comes time to use them, have a faster turn around on +the request. + +### Implicit prefetches + +There is a lot of prefetching done for you automatically by the browser. When +the browser encounters an anchor in your html that does not share the same +domain name as the current location the browser requests, from the client OS, +the IP address for this new domain. The client first checks its cache and +then, lacking a cached copy, makes a request from a DNS server. These requests +happen in the background and are not meant to block the rendering of the +page. + +The goal of this is that when the foreign IP address is finally needed it will +already be in the client cache and will not block the loading of the foreign +content. Fewer requests result in faster page load times. The perception of this +is increased on a mobile platform where DNS latency can be greater. + +#### Disable implicit prefetching + +```html + +``` + +Even with X-DNS-Prefetch-Control meta tag (or http header) browsers will still +prefetch any explicit dns-prefetch links. + +**_WARNING:_** THIS MAY MAKE YOUR SITE SLOWER IF YOU RELY ON RESOURCES FROM +FOREIGN DOMAINS. + +### Explicit prefetches + +Typically the browser only scans the HTML for foreign domains. If you have +resources that are outside of your HTML (a javascript request to a remote +server or a CDN that hosts content that may not be present on every page of +your site, for example) then you can queue up a domain name to be prefetched. + +```html + + +``` + +You can use as many of these as you need, but it's best if they are all +immediately after the [Meta +Charset](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meta#attr-charset) +element (which should go right at the top of the `head`), so the browser can +act on them ASAP. + +#### Common Prefetch Links + +Amazon S3: + +```html + +``` + +Google APIs: + +```html + +``` + +Microsoft Ajax Content Delivery Network: + +```html + + +``` + +### Further reading about DNS prefetching + +* https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Controlling_DNS_prefetching +* https://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/dns-prefetching +* https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2011/03/17/internet-explorer-9-network-performance-improvements/ +* http://dayofjs.com/videos/22158462/web-browsers_alex-russel + + +## Google Universal Analytics + +### More tracking settings + +The [optimized Google Universal Analytics +snippet](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#universal-analytics) +included with HTML5 Boilerplate includes something like this: + +```js +ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); +``` + +To customize further, see Google's [Advanced +Setup](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/advanced), +[Pageview](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/pages), +and [Event](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/events) Docs. + +### Anonymize IP addresses + +In some countries, no personal data may be transferred outside jurisdictions +that do not have similarly strict laws (i.e. from Germany to outside the EU). +Thus a webmaster using the Google Universal Analytics may have to ensure that +no personal (trackable) data is transferred to the US. You can do that with +[the `ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);` +parameter](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/advanced#anonymizeip) +before sending any events/pageviews. In use it looks like this: + +```js +ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto'); +ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true); +ga('send', 'pageview'); +``` + +### Track jQuery AJAX requests in Google Analytics + +An article by @JangoSteve explains how to [track jQuery AJAX requests in Google +Analytics](https://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/). + +Add this to `plugins.js`: + +```js +/* + * Log all jQuery AJAX requests to Google Analytics + * See: https://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/ + */ +if (typeof ga !== "undefined" && ga !== null) { + $(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings){ + ga('send', 'pageview', settings.url); + }); +} +``` + +### Track JavaScript errors in Google Analytics + +Add this function after `ga` is defined: + +```js +(function(window){ + var undefined, + link = function (href) { + var a = window.document.createElement('a'); + a.href = href; + return a; + }; + window.onerror = function (message, file, line, column) { + var host = link(file).hostname; + ga('send', { + 'hitType': 'event', + 'eventCategory': (host == window.location.hostname || host == undefined || host == '' ? '' : 'external ') + 'error', + 'eventAction': message, + 'eventLabel': (file + ' LINE: ' + line + (column ? ' COLUMN: ' + column : '')).trim(), + 'nonInteraction': 1 + }); + }; +}(window)); +``` + +### Track page scroll + +Add this function after `ga` is defined: + +```js +$(function(){ + var isDuplicateScrollEvent, + scrollTimeStart = new Date, + $window = $(window), + $document = $(document), + scrollPercent; + + $window.scroll(function() { + scrollPercent = Math.round(100 * ($window.height() + $window.scrollTop())/$document.height()); + if (scrollPercent > 90 && !isDuplicateScrollEvent) { //page scrolled to 90% + isDuplicateScrollEvent = 1; + ga('send', 'event', 'scroll', + 'Window: ' + $window.height() + 'px; Document: ' + $document.height() + 'px; Time: ' + Math.round((new Date - scrollTimeStart )/1000,1) + 's' + ); + } + }); +}); +``` + +## Internet Explorer + +### Prompt users to switch to "Desktop Mode" in IE10 Metro + +IE10 does not support plugins, such as Flash, in Metro mode. If +your site requires plugins, you can let users know that via the +`x-ua-compatible` meta element, which will prompt them to switch +to Desktop Mode. + +```html + +``` + +Here's what it looks like alongside H5BP's default `x-ua-compatible` +values: + +```html + +``` + +You can find more information in [Microsoft's IEBlog post about prompting for +plugin use in IE10 Metro +Mode](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2012/01/31/web-sites-and-a-plug-in-free-web/). + +### IE Pinned Sites (IE9+) + +Enabling your application for pinning will allow IE9 users to add it to their +Windows Taskbar and Start Menu. This comes with a range of new tools that you +can easily configure with the elements below. See more [documentation on IE9 +Pinned Sites](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg131029.aspx). + +### Name the Pinned Site for Windows + +Without this rule, Windows will use the page title as the name for your +application. + +```html + +``` + +### Give your Pinned Site a tooltip + +You know — a tooltip. A little textbox that appears when the user holds their +mouse over your Pinned Site's icon. + +```html + +``` + +### Set a default page for your Pinned Site + +If the site should go to a specific URL when it is pinned (such as the +homepage), enter it here. One idea is to send it to a special URL so you can +track the number of pinned users, like so: +`https://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true` + +```html + +``` + +### Recolor IE's controls manually for a Pinned Site + +IE9+ will automatically use the overall color of your Pinned Site's favicon to +shade its browser buttons. UNLESS you give it another color here. Only use +named colors (`red`) or hex colors (`#ff0000`). + +```html + +``` + +### Manually set the window size of a Pinned Site + +If the site should open at a certain window size once pinned, you can specify +the dimensions here. It only supports static pixel dimensions. 800x600 +minimum. + +```html + +``` + +### Jump List "Tasks" for Pinned Sites + +Add Jump List Tasks that will appear when the Pinned Site's icon gets a +right-click. Each Task goes to the specified URL, and gets its own mini icon +(essentially a favicon, a 16x16 .ICO). You can add as many of these as you +need. + +```html + + +``` + +### (Windows 8) High quality visuals for Pinned Sites + +Windows 8 adds the ability for you to provide a PNG tile image and specify the +tile's background color. [Full details on the IE +blog](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2012/06/08/high-quality-visuals-for-pinned-sites-in-windows-8/). + +* Create a 144x144 image of your site icon, filling all of the canvas, and + using a transparent background. +* Save this image as a 32-bit PNG and optimize it without reducing + colour-depth. It can be named whatever you want (e.g. `metro-tile.png`). +* To reference the tile and its color, add the HTML `meta` elements described + in the IE Blog post. + +### (Windows 8) Badges for Pinned Sites + +IE10 will poll an XML document for badge information to display on your app's +tile in the Start screen. The user will be able to receive these badge updates +even when your app isn't actively running. The badge's value can be a number, +or one of a predefined list of glyphs. + +* [Tutorial on IEBlog with link to badge XML schema](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2012/04/03/pinned-sites-in-windows-8/) +* [Available badge values](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/br212849.aspx) + +```html + +``` + +### Disable link highlighting upon tap in IE10 + +Similar to [-webkit-tap-highlight-color](https://davidwalsh.name/mobile-highlight-color) +in iOS Safari. Unlike that CSS property, this is an HTML meta element, and its +value is boolean rather than a color. It's all or nothing. + +```html + +``` + +You can read about this useful element and more techniques in +[Microsoft's documentation on adapting WebKit-oriented apps for IE10](https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2012/11/15/adapting-your-webkit-optimized-site-for-internet-explorer-10/) + +## Search + +### Direct search spiders to your sitemap + +After creating a [sitemap](https://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html) + +Submit it to search engine tool: +* [Google](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/sitemap-list) +* [Bing](https://www.bing.com/toolbox/webmaster) +* [Yandex](https://webmaster.yandex.com/) +* [Baidu](https://zhanzhang.baidu.com/) +OR +Insert the following line anywhere in your robots.txt file, specifying the path to your sitemap: +``` +Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap_location.xml +``` + +### Hide pages from search engines + +According to Heather Champ, former community manager at Flickr, you should not +allow search engines to index your "Contact Us" or "Complaints" page if you +value your sanity. This is an HTML-centric way of achieving that. + +```html + +``` + +**_WARNING:_** DO NOT INCLUDE ON PAGES THAT SHOULD APPEAR IN SEARCH ENGINES. + +### Firefox and IE Search Plugins + +Sites with in-site search functionality should be strongly considered for a +browser search plugin. A "search plugin" is an XML file which defines how your +plugin behaves in the browser. [How to make a browser search +plugin](https://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&q=how+to+make+browser+search+plugin). + +```html + +``` + + +## Miscellaneous + +* Use [polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-browser-Polyfills). + +* Use [Microformats](http://microformats.org/wiki/Main_Page) (via + [microdata](http://microformats.org/wiki/microdata)) for optimum search + results + [visibility](https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets.html). + +* If you're building a web app you may want [native style momentum scrolling in + iOS 5+](http://www.johanbrook.com/articles/native-style-momentum-scrolling-to-arrive-in-ios-5/) + using `-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch`. + +* If you want to disable the translation prompt in Chrome or block Google + Translate from translating your web page, use [``](https://support.google.com/translate/?hl=en#2641276). + To disable translation for a particular section of the web page, add + [`class="notranslate"`](https://support.google.com/translate/?hl=en#2641276). + +* If you want to disable the automatic detection and formatting of possible + phone numbers in Safari on iOS, use [``](https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html/#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40008193-SW5). + +* Avoid development/stage websites "leaking" into SERPs (search engine results + page) by [implementing X-Robots-tag + headers](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/804). + + +## News Feeds + +### RSS + +Have an RSS feed? Link to it here. Want to [learn how to write an RSS feed from +scratch](http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification)? + +```html + +``` + +### Atom + +Atom is similar to RSS, and you might prefer to use it instead of or in +addition to it. [See what Atom's all +about](http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/). + +```html + +``` + +### Pingbacks + +Your server may be notified when another site links to yours. The href +attribute should contain the location of your pingback service. + +```html + +``` + +* High-level explanation: https://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks +* Step-by-step example case: http://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback-1.0#TOC5 +* PHP pingback service: https://web.archive.org/web/20131211032834/http://blog.perplexedlabs.com/2009/07/15/xmlrpc-pingbacks-using-php/ + + + +## Social Networks + +### Facebook Open Graph data + +You can control the information that Facebook and others display when users +share your site. Below are just the most basic data points you might need. For +specific content types (including "website"), see [Facebook's built-in Open +Graph content +templates](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/objects/builtin/). +Take full advantage of Facebook's support for complex data and activity by +following the [Open Graph +tutorial](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/tutorial/). + +For a reference of Open Graph's markup and properties, you may check +[Facebook's Open Graph Protocol reference](http://ogp.me/). Finally, +you can validate your markup with the [Facebook Object +Debugger](https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/) (needs +registration to Facebook). + +```html + + + + + + + + +``` + +### Twitter Cards + +Twitter provides a snippet specification that serves a similar purpose to Open +Graph. In fact, Twitter will use Open Graph when Cards is not available. Note +that, as of this writing, Twitter requires that app developers activate Cards +on a per-domain basis. You can read more about the various snippet formats +and application process in the [official Twitter Cards +documentation](https://dev.twitter.com/docs/cards), and you can validate +your markup with the [Card validator](https://cards-dev.twitter.com/validator) +(needs registration to Twitter). + +```html + + + + + + + +``` + +### Google+ / Schema.org + +Google also provides a snippet specification that serves a similar +purpose to Facebook's Open Graph or Twitter Cards. While it helps you +to control information displayed on Google+, this metadata is a subset +of [schema.org's microdata vocabulary](https://schema.org/), which +covers many other schemas that can describe the content of your pages +to search engines. For this reason, this metadata is more generic for +SEO, notably for Google's search-engine, although this vocabulary is +also used by Microsoft, Pinterest or Yandex. + +You can validate your markup with the [Structured Data Testing +Tool](https://developers.google.com/structured-data/testing-tool/). +Also, please note that this markup requires to add attributes to your +top `html` tag. + +```html + + + + + + + + +``` + +## URLs + +### Canonical URL + +Signal to search engines and others "Use this URL for this page!" Useful when +parameters after a `#` or `?` is used to control the display state of a page. +`https://www.example.com/cart.html?shopping-cart-open=true` can be indexed as +the cleaner, more accurate `https://www.example.com/cart.html`. + +```html + +``` + +### Official shortlink + +Signal to the world "This is the shortened URL to use this page!" Poorly +supported at this time. Learn more by reading the [article about shortlinks on +the Microformats wiki](http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-shortlink). + +```html + +``` + +### Separate mobile URLs + +If you use separate URLs for desktop and mobile users, you should consider +helping search engine algorithms better understand the configuration on your +web site. + +This can be done by adding the following annotations in your HTML pages: + +* on the desktop page, add the `link rel="alternate"` tag pointing to the + corresponding mobile URL, e.g.: + + `` + +* on the mobile page, add the `link rel="canonical"` tag pointing to the + corresponding desktop URL, e.g.: + + `` + +For more information please see: + +* https://developers.google.com/webmasters/smartphone-sites/details#separateurls +* https://developers.google.com/webmasters/smartphone-sites/feature-phones + + +## Web Apps + +There are a couple of meta tags that provide information about a web app when +added to the Home Screen on iOS: + +* Adding `apple-mobile-web-app-capable` will make your web app chrome-less and +provide the default iOS app view. You can control the color scheme of the +default view by adding `apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style`. + +```html + + +``` + +* You can use `apple-mobile-web-app-title` to add a specific sites name for the +Home Screen icon. This works since iOS 6. + +```html + +``` + +For further information please read the [official +documentation](https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/#documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html) +on Apple's site. + + +### Apple Touch Icons + +The Apple touch icons can be seen as the favicons of iOS devices. + +The main sizes of the Apple touch icons are: + +* `57×57px` – iPhone with @1x display and iPod Touch +* `72×72px` – iPad and iPad mini with @1x display running iOS ≤ 6 +* `76×76px` – iPad and iPad mini with @1x display running iOS ≥ 7 +* `114×114px` – iPhone with @2x display running iOS ≤ 6 +* `120×120px` – iPhone with @2x and @3x display running iOS ≥ 7 +* `144×144px` – iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS ≤ 6 +* `152×152px` – iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS 7 +* `180×180px` – iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS 8 + +Displays meaning: + +* @1x - non-Retina +* @2x - Retina +* @3x - Retina HD + +More information about the displays of iOS devices can be found +[here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices#Display). + +In most cases, one `180×180px` touch icon named `icon.png` +and including: + +```html + +``` + +in the `` of the page is enough. If you use art-direction and/or +want to have different content for each device, you can add more touch +icons as written above. + +For a more comprehensive overview, please refer to Mathias' [article on Touch +Icons](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/touch-icons). + + +### Apple Touch Startup Image + +Apart from that it is possible to add start-up screens for web apps on iOS. This +basically works by defining `apple-touch-startup-image` with an according link +to the image. Since iOS devices have different screen resolutions it is +necessary to add media queries to detect which image to load. Here is an +example for a retina iPhone: + +```html + +``` + +However, it is possible to detect which start-up image to use with JavaScript. +The Mobile Boilerplate provides a useful function for this. Please see +[helpers.js](https://github.com/h5bp/mobile-boilerplate/blob/v4.1.0/js/helper.js#L336-L383) +for the implementation. + + +### Chrome Mobile web apps + +Chrome Mobile has a specific meta tag for making apps [installable to the +homescreen](https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen) +which tries to be a more generic replacement to Apple's proprietary meta tag: + +```html + +``` + +Same applies to the touch icons: + +```html + +``` + +### Theme Color + +You can add the [`theme-color` meta extension](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta-theme-color) +in the `` of your pages to suggest the color that browsers and +OSes should use if they customize the display of individual pages in +their UIs with varying colors. + +```html + +``` + +The `content` attribute extension can take any valid CSS color. + +Currently, the `theme-color` meta extension is supported by [Chrome 39+ +for Android Lollipop](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android). diff --git a/doc/faq.md b/doc/faq.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0bf3e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/faq.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Frequently asked questions + +* [Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be + placed in the ``.](#why-is-the-google-analytics-code-at-the-bottom-google-recommends-it-be-placed-in-the-head) +* [How can I integrate Bootstrap with HTML5 + Boilerplate?](#how-can-i-integrate-bootstrap-with-html5-boilerplate) +* [Do I need to upgrade my site each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is + released?](#do-i-need-to-upgrade-my-site-each-time-a-new-version-of-html5-boilerplate-is-released) +* [Where can I get help with support + questions?](#where-can-i-get-help-with-support-questions) + +--- + +### Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be placed in the ``. + +The main advantage of placing it in the `` is that you will track the +user's `pageview` even if they leave the page before it has been fully loaded. + +Here's a handy quote from [Mathias Bynens](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#comment-50) about our placement choice. +>I should point out that it’s Google — not me — recommending to place this +script before all other scripts in the document. The only real advantage is to +catch a pageView call if your page fails to load completely (for example, if +the user aborts loading, or quickly closes the page, etc.). Personally, I +wouldn’t count that as a page view, so I actually prefer to place this script +at the bottom, after all other scripts. This keeps all the scripts together and +reinforces that scripts at the bottom are the right move. (Usually I +concatenate and minify all my scripts into one .js file — the GA snippet being +the suffix.) + +### How can I integrate [Bootstrap](https://getbootstrap.com/) with HTML5 Boilerplate? + +Here's Nicolas Gallagher writing about how [HTML5 Boilerplate and Bootstrap complement each +other](https://www.quora.com/Is-Bootstrap-a-complement-or-an-alternative-to-HTML5-Boilerplate-or-viceversa/answer/Nicolas-Gallagher). + +### Do I need to upgrade my site each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is released? + +No, same as you don't normally replace the foundation of a house once it +was built. However, there is nothing stopping you from trying to work in the +latest changes, but you'll have to assess the costs/benefits of doing so. + +### Where can I get help with support questions? + +Please ask for help on +[StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/html5boilerplate). diff --git a/doc/html.md b/doc/html.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54f07dc --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/html.md @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The HTML + +By default, HTML5 Boilerplate provides two `html` pages: + +* [`index.html`](#indexhtml) - a default HTML skeleton that should form the + basis of all pages on your website +* [`404.html`](#404html) - a placeholder 404 error page + + +## `index.html` + + +### The `no-js` Class + +The `no-js` class is provided in order to allow you to more easily and +explicitly add custom styles based on whether JavaScript is disabled +(`.no-js`) or enabled (`.js`). Using this technique also helps [avoid the +FOUC](https://www.paulirish.com/2009/avoiding-the-fouc-v3/). + + +## Language Attribute + +Please consider specifying the language of your content by adding a [value](http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry) to the `lang` +attribute in the `` as in this example: + +```html + +``` + +### The order of the `` and `<meta>` tags + +The order in which the `<title>` and the `<meta>` tags are specified is +important because: + +1) the charset declaration (`<meta charset="utf-8">`): + + * must be included completely within the [first 1024 bytes of the + document](https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#charset) + + * should be specified as early as possible (before any content that could + be controlled by an attacker, such as a `<title>` element) in order to + avoid a potential [encoding-related security + issue](https://code.google.com/p/doctype-mirror/wiki/ArticleUtf7) in + Internet Explorer + +2) the meta tag for compatibility mode + (`<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">`): + + * [needs to be included before all other tags except for the `<title>` and + the other `<meta>` + tags](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc288325.aspx) + + +### `x-ua-compatible` + +Internet Explorer 8/9/10 support [document compatibility +modes](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc288325.aspx) that affect the +way webpages are interpreted and displayed. Because of this, even if your site's +visitor is using, let's say, Internet Explorer 9, it's possible that IE will not +use the latest rendering engine, and instead, decide to render your page using +the Internet Explorer 5.5 rendering engine. + +Specifying the `x-ua-compatible` meta tag: + +```html +<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> +``` + +or sending the page with the following HTTP response header + +``` +X-UA-Compatible: IE=edge +``` + +will force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render the webpage in the highest +available mode in [the various cases when it may +not](https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8), and therefore, ensure that anyone +browsing your site is treated to the best possible user experience that +browser can offer. + +If possible, we recommend that you remove the `meta` tag and send only the +HTTP response header as the `meta` tag will not always work if your site is +served on a non-standard port, as Internet Explorer's preference option +`Display intranet sites in Compatibility View` is checked by default. + +If you are using Apache as your webserver, including the +[`.htaccess`](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache) file takes care of +the HTTP header. If you are using a different server, check out our [other +server config](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs). + +Starting with Internet Explorer 11, [document modes are +deprecated](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/bg182625.aspx#docmode). +If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were +designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to consider +enabling [Enterprise Mode](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11/) throughout your company. + + +## Meta Description + +The `description` meta tag provides a short description of the page. +In some situations this description is used as a part of the snippet +shown in the search results. + +```html +<meta name="description" content="This is a description"> +``` + + +## Mobile Viewport + +There are a few different options that you can use with the [`viewport` meta +tag](https://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dkx3qtm_22dxsrgcf4 "Viewport and +Media Queries - The Complete Idiot's Guide"). You can find out more in [the +Apple developer docs](https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/UsingtheViewport/UsingtheViewport.html). +HTML5 Boilerplate comes with a simple setup that strikes a good balance for general use cases. + +```html +<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> +``` + +## Web App Manifest +HTML5 Boilerplate includes a simple web app manifest file. + +The web app manifest is a simple JSON file that allows you to control how your +app appears on a device's home screen, what it looks like when it launches +in that context and what happens when it is launched. This allows for much greater +control over the UI of a saved site or web app on a mobile device. + +It's linked to from the HTML as follows: + +```html + <link rel="manifest" href="site.webmanifest"> +``` +Our [site.webmanifest](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/src/site.webmanifest) contains a very skeletal "app" definition, just to show the basic usage. +You should fill this file out with [more information about your site or application](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest) + +## Favicons and Touch Icon + +The shortcut icons should be put in the root directory of your site. `favicon.ico` +is automatically picked up by browsers if it's placed in the root. HTML5 +Boilerplate comes with a default set of icons (include favicon and one Apple +Touch Icon) that you can use as a baseline to create your own. + +Please refer to the more detailed description in the [Extend section](extend.md) +of these docs. + +## The Content Area + +The central part of the boilerplate template is pretty much empty. This is +intentional, in order to make the boilerplate suitable for both web page and +web app development. + +### Browser Upgrade Prompt + +The main content area of the boilerplate includes a prompt to install an up to +date browser for users of IE 8 and lower. If you intended to support IE 8, then you +should remove the snippet of code. + +## Modernizr + +HTML5 Boilerplate uses a custom build of Modernizr. + +[Modernizr](https://modernizr.com/) is a JavaScript library which adds classes to +the `html` element based on the results of feature test and which ensures that +all browsers can make use of HTML5 elements (as it includes the HTML5 Shiv). +This allows you to target parts of your CSS and JavaScript based on the +features supported by a browser. + +Starting with version 3 Modernizr can be customized using the [modernizr-config.json](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/modernizr-config.json) and the +[Modernizr command line utility](https://www.npmjs.com/package/modernizr-cli). + +## What About Polyfills? + +If you need to include [polyfills](https://remysharp.com/2010/10/08/what-is-a-polyfill) +in your project, you must make sure those load before any other JavaScript. If you're +using some polyfill CDN service, like [cdn.polyfill.io](https://cdn.polyfill.io/), +just put it before the other scripts in the bottom of the page: + +```html + <script src="js/vendor/modernizr-3.5.0.min.js"></script> + <script src="https://cdn.polyfill.io/v2/polyfill.min.js"></script> + <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-hwg4gsxgFZhOsEEamdOYGBf13FyQuiTwlAQgxVSNgt4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> + <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="js/vendor/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"><\/script>')</script> + <script src="js/plugins.js"></script> + <script src="js/main.js"></script> +</body> +``` + +If you like to just include the polyfills yourself, you could include them in +`js/plugins.js`. When you have a bunch of polyfills to load in, you could +also create a `polyfills.js` file in the `js/vendor` directory or include the files +individually and combine them using a build tool. Always ensure that the polyfills +are all loaded before any other Javascript. + +There are some misconceptions about Modernizr and polyfills. It's important +to understand that Modernizr just handles feature checking, not polyfilling +itself. The only thing Modernizr does regarding polyfills is that the team +maintains [a huge list of cross Browser polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-Browser-Polyfills). + +### jQuery CDN for jQuery + +The jQuery CDN version of the jQuery JavaScript library is referenced towards +the bottom of the page. A local fallback of jQuery is included for rare instances +when the CDN version might not be available, and to facilitate offline +development. + +The jQuery CDN version was chosen over other potential candidates +([like Google's Hosted Libraries](https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries/)) +because it's fast ([comparable or faster than Google by some +measures](https://www.cdnperf.com/#jsdelivr,cdnjs,google,yandex,microsoft,jquery,bootstrapcdn/https/90)) +and, (unlike Google's CDN) is available to China's hundreds of millions of internet users. +For many years we [chose](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1191) +the Google Hosted version over the jQuery CDN because it was available +over HTTPS (the jQuery CDN was not,) and it offered a better chance of +hitting the cache lottery owing to the popularity of the Google CDN. +The first issue is no longer valid and the second is far outweighed by +being able to serve jQuery to Chinese users. + +While the jQuery CDN is a strong default solution your site or application may +require a different configuration. Testing your site with services like +[WebPageTest](https://www.webpagetest.org/) and browser tools like +[PageSpeed Insights](https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/) will help you examine the real +world performance of your site and can show where you can optimize your specific +site or application. + +### Google Universal Analytics Tracking Code + +Finally, an optimized version of the Google Universal Analytics tracking code is +included. Google recommends that this script be placed at the top of the page. +Factors to consider: if you place this script at the top of the page, you’ll +be able to count users who don’t fully load the page, and you’ll incur the max +number of simultaneous connections of the browser. + +Further information: + +* [Optimizing the Google Universal Analytics + Snippet](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#universal-analytics) +* [Introduction to + Analytics.js](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/) +* [Google Analytics Demos & Tools](https://ga-dev-tools.appspot.com/) + +**N.B.** The Google Universal Analytics snippet is included by default mainly +because Google Analytics is [currently one of the most popular tracking +solutions](https://trends.builtwith.com/analytics/Google-Analytics) out there. +However, its usage isn't set in stone, and you SHOULD consider exploring the +[alternatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_analytics_software) +and use whatever suits your needs best! diff --git a/doc/js.md b/doc/js.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61f8461 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/js.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The JavaScript + +Information about the default JavaScript included in the project. + +## main.js + +This file can be used to contain or reference your site/app JavaScript code. +If you're working on something more advanced you might replace this file +entirely. That's cool. + +## plugins.js + +This file can be used to contain all your plugins, such as jQuery plugins and +other 3rd party scripts for a simple site. + +One approach is to put jQuery plugins inside of a `(function($){ ... +})(jQuery);` closure to make sure they're in the jQuery namespace safety +blanket. Read more about [jQuery plugin +authoring](https://learn.jquery.com/plugins/#Getting_Started). + +By default the `plugins.js` file contains a small script to avoid `console` +errors in browsers that lack a `console`. The script will make sure that, if +a console method isn't available, that method will have the value of empty +function, thus, preventing the browser from throwing an error. + +## vendor + +This directory can be used to contain all 3rd party library code. + +Minified versions of the latest jQuery and Modernizr libraries are included by +default. You may wish to create your own [custom Modernizr +build with the online builder](https://www.modernizr.com/download/) or [command +line tool](https://modernizr.com/docs#command-line-config). diff --git a/doc/misc.md b/doc/misc.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74ca04f --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/misc.md @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Miscellaneous + +* [.gitignore](#gitignore) +* [.editorconfig](#editorconfig) +* [Server Configuration](#server-configuration) +* [robots.txt](#robotstxt) +* [browserconfig.xml](#browserconfigxml) + +-- + +## .gitignore + +HTML5 Boilerplate includes a basic project-level `.gitignore`. This should +primarily be used to avoid certain project-level files and directories from +being kept under source control. Different development-environments will +benefit from different collections of ignores. + +OS-specific and editor-specific files should be ignored using a "global +ignore" that applies to all repositories on your system. + +For example, add the following to your `~/.gitconfig`, where the `.gitignore` +in your HOME directory contains the files and directories you'd like to +globally ignore: + +```gitignore +[core] + excludesfile = ~/.gitignore +``` + +* More on global ignores: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/ +* Comprehensive set of ignores on GitHub: https://github.com/github/gitignore + + +## .editorconfig + +The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and +your team define and maintain consistent coding styles between different +editors and IDEs. + +By default, `.editorconfig` includes some basic +[properties](http://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) that reflect the +coding styles from the files provided by default, but you can easily change +them to better suit your needs. + +In order for your editor/IDE to apply the +[properties](http://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) from the +`.editorconfig` file, you may need to [install a +plugin]( http://editorconfig.org/#download). + +__N.B.__ If you aren't using the server configurations provided by HTML5 +Boilerplate, we highly encourage you to configure your server to block +access to `.editorconfig` files, as they can disclose sensitive information! + +For more details, please refer to the [EditorConfig +project](http://editorconfig.org/). + + +## Server Configuration + +H5BP includes a [`.htaccess`](#htaccess) file for the [Apache HTTP +server](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/). If you are not using Apache +as your web server, then you are encouraged to download a +[server configuration](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) that +corresponds to your web server and environment. + +A `.htaccess` (hypertext access) file is an [Apache HTTP server +configuration file](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). +The `.htaccess` file is mostly used for: + +* Rewriting URLs +* Controlling cache +* Authentication +* Server-side includes +* Redirects +* Gzipping + +If you have access to the main server configuration file (usually called +`httpd.conf`), you should add the logic from the `.htaccess` file in, for +example, a <Directory> section in the main configuration file. This is usually +the recommended way, as using .htaccess files slows down Apache! + +To enable Apache modules locally, please see: +https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/wiki/How-to-enable-Apache-modules. + +In the repo the `.htaccess` is used for: + +* Allowing cross-origin access to web fonts +* CORS header for images when browsers request it +* Enable `404.html` as 404 error document +* Making the website experience better for IE users better +* Media UTF-8 as character encoding for `text/html` and `text/plain` +* Enabling the rewrite URLs engine +* Forcing or removing the `www.` at the begin of a URL +* It blocks access to directories without a default document +* It blocks access to files that can expose sensitive information. +* It reduces MIME type security risks +* It forces compressing (gzipping) +* It tells the browser whether they should request a specific file from the + server or whether they should grab it from the browser's cache + +When using `.htaccess` we recommend reading all inline comments (the rules after +a `#`) in the file once. There is a bunch of optional stuff in it. + +If you want to know more about the `.htaccess` file check out the +[Apache HTTP server docs](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/) or more +specifically the [htaccess +section](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html). + +Notice that the original repo for the `.htaccess` file is [this +one](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). + + +## robots.txt + +The `robots.txt` file is used to give instructions to web robots on what can +be crawled from the website. + +By default, the file provided by this project includes the next two lines: + + * `User-agent: *` - the following rules apply to all web robots + * `Disallow:` - everything on the website is allowed to be crawled + +If you want to disallow certain pages you will need to specify the path in a +`Disallow` directive (e.g.: `Disallow: /path`) or, if you want to disallow +crawling of all content, use `Disallow: /`. + +The `/robots.txt` file is not intended for access control, so don't try to +use it as such. Think of it as a "No Entry" sign, rather than a locked door. +URLs disallowed by the `robots.txt` file might still be indexed without being +crawled, and the content from within the `robots.txt` file can be viewed by +anyone, potentially disclosing the location of your private content! So, if +you want to block access to private content, use proper authentication instead. + +For more information about `robots.txt`, please see: + + * [robotstxt.org](http://www.robotstxt.org/) + * [How Google handles the `robots.txt` file](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/control-crawl-index/docs/robots_txt) + + +## browserconfig.xml + +The `browserconfig.xml` file is used to customize the tile displayed when users +pin your site to the Windows 8.1 start screen. In there you can define custom +tile colors, custom images or even [live tiles](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn455106.aspx#CreatingLiveTiles). + +By default, the file points to 2 placeholder tile images: + +* `tile.png` (558x558px): used for `Small`, `Medium` and `Large` tiles. + This image resizes automatically when necessary. +* `tile-wide.png` (558x270px): user for `Wide` tiles. + +Notice that IE11 uses the same images when adding a site to the `favorites`. + +For more in-depth information about the `browserconfig.xml` file, please +see [MSDN](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn320426.aspx). diff --git a/doc/usage.md b/doc/usage.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e3e70a --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/usage.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Usage + +The most basic usage of HTML5 Boilerplate is to create a static site or simple +app. Once you've downloaded or cloned the project, that process looks something +like this: + +1. Set up the basic structure of the site. +2. Add some content, style, and functionality. +3. Run your site locally to see how it looks. +4. Deploy your site. + +Cool, right? _It is_. That said, the smart defaults, baseline elements, default +attribute values and various other utilities that HTML5 Boilerplate offers can +serve as the foundation for whatever you're interested in building. + +Even the basic use-case of a simple static site can be enhanced by manipulating +the code through an automated build process. Moving up in complexity HTML5 +Boilerplate can be be integrated with whatever front-end framework, CMS or +e-commerce platform you're working with. Mix-and-match to your heart's content. +Use what you need (toss it in a blender if you need to) and discard the rest. +HTML5 Boilerplate is a starting point, not a destination. + +## Basic structure + +A basic HTML5 Boilerplate site initially looks something like this: + +``` +. +├── css +│ ├── main.css +│ └── normalize.css +├── doc +├── img +├── js +│ ├── main.js +│ ├── plugins.js +│ └── vendor +│ ├── jquery.min.js +│ └── modernizr.min.js +├── .editorconfig +├── .htaccess +├── 404.html +├── browserconfig.xml +├── favicon.ico +├── humans.txt +├── icon.png +├── index.html +├── robots.txt +├── site.webmanifest +├── tile.png +└── tile-wide.png +``` + +What follows is a general overview of each major part and how to use them. + +### css + +This directory should contain all your project's CSS files. It includes some +initial CSS to help get you started from a solid foundation. [About the +CSS](css.md). + +### doc + +This directory contains all the HTML5 Boilerplate documentation. You can use it +as the location and basis for your own project's documentation. + +### js + +This directory should contain all your project's JS files. Libraries, plugins, +and custom code can all be included here. It includes some initial JS to help +get you started. [About the JavaScript](js.md). + +### .htaccess + +The default web server configs are for Apache. For more information, please +refer to the [Apache Server Configs +repository](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). + +Host your site on a server other than Apache? You're likely to find the +corresponding server configs project listed in our [Server Configs +](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs/blob/master/README.md) repository. + +### 404.html + +A helpful custom 404 to get you started. + +### browserconfig.xml + +This file contains all settings regarding custom tiles for IE11 and Edge. + +For more info on this topic, please refer to +[MSDN](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn455106.aspx). + +### .editorconfig + +The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and +your team to maintain consistent coding styles between different +editors and IDEs. [Read more about the `.editorconfig` file](misc.md#editorconfig). + +### index.html + +This is the default HTML skeleton that should form the basis of all pages on +your site. If you are using a server-side templating framework, then you will +need to integrate this starting HTML with your setup. + +Make sure that you update the URLs for the referenced CSS and JavaScript if you +modify the directory structure at all. + +If you are using Google Universal Analytics, make sure that you edit the +corresponding snippet at the bottom to include your analytics ID. + +### humans.txt + +Edit this file to include the team that worked on your site/app, and the +technology powering it. + +### robots.txt + +Edit this file to include any pages you need hidden from search engines. + +### Icons + +Replace the default `favicon.ico`, `tile.png`, `tile-wide.png` and Apple +Touch Icon with your own. + +If you want to use different Apple Touch Icons for different resolutions please +refer to the [according documentation](extend.md#apple-touch-icons). diff --git a/favicon.ico b/favicon.ico new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be74abd Binary files /dev/null and b/favicon.ico differ diff --git a/humans.txt b/humans.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d2330f --- /dev/null +++ b/humans.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# humanstxt.org/ +# The humans responsible & technology colophon + +# TEAM + + <name> -- <role> -- <twitter> + +# THANKS + + <name> + +# TECHNOLOGY COLOPHON + + CSS3, HTML5 + Apache Server Configs, jQuery, Modernizr, Normalize.css diff --git a/icon.png b/icon.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a42581 Binary files /dev/null and b/icon.png differ diff --git a/img/.gitignore b/img/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bad552 --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +<!doctype html> +<html class="no-js" lang=""> + <head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> + <title> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Hello world! This is HTML5 Boilerplate.

+ + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/js/main.js b/js/main.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/js/plugins.js b/js/plugins.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f887480 --- /dev/null +++ b/js/plugins.js @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Avoid `console` errors in browsers that lack a console. +(function() { + var method; + var noop = function () {}; + var methods = [ + 'assert', 'clear', 'count', 'debug', 'dir', 'dirxml', 'error', + 'exception', 'group', 'groupCollapsed', 'groupEnd', 'info', 'log', + 'markTimeline', 'profile', 'profileEnd', 'table', 'time', 'timeEnd', + 'timeline', 'timelineEnd', 'timeStamp', 'trace', 'warn' + ]; + var length = methods.length; + var console = (window.console = window.console || {}); + + while (length--) { + method = methods[length]; + + // Only stub undefined methods. + if (!console[method]) { + console[method] = noop; + } + } +}()); + +// Place any jQuery/helper plugins in here. diff --git a/js/vendor/jquery-3.2.1.min.js 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