diff --git a/.DS_Store b/.DS_Store new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b5ee09 Binary files /dev/null and b/.DS_Store differ diff --git a/404.html b/404.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d7925a --- /dev/null +++ b/404.html @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + + + + + Page Not Found + + + + +

Page Not Found

+

Sorry, but the page you were trying to view does not exist.

+ + + diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..294e91d --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +Copyright (c) HTML5 Boilerplate + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of +this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in +the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to +use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies +of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do +so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all +copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE +SOFTWARE. diff --git a/apple-touch-icon.png b/apple-touch-icon.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..600738f Binary files /dev/null and b/apple-touch-icon.png differ diff --git a/browserconfig.xml b/browserconfig.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..219b759 --- /dev/null +++ b/browserconfig.xml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/crossdomain.xml b/crossdomain.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..818b822 --- /dev/null +++ b/crossdomain.xml @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/css/main.css b/css/main.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8ac1d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/css/main.css @@ -0,0 +1,424 @@ +/*! HTML5 Boilerplate v5.3.0 | MIT License | https://html5boilerplate.com/ */ + +/* + * What follows is the result of much research on cross-browser styling. + * Credit left inline and big thanks to Nicolas Gallagher, Jonathan Neal, + * Kroc Camen, and the H5BP dev community and team. + */ + +/* ========================================================================== + Base styles: opinionated defaults + ========================================================================== */ + +html { + color: #222; + font-size: 1em; + line-height: 1.4; +} + +/* + * Remove text-shadow in selection highlight: + * https://twitter.com/miketaylr/status/12228805301 + * + * These selection rule sets have to be separate. + * Customize the background color to match your design. + */ + +::-moz-selection { + background: #b3d4fc; + text-shadow: none; +} + +::selection { + background: #b3d4fc; + text-shadow: none; +} + +/* + * A better looking default horizontal rule + */ + +hr { + display: block; + height: 1px; + border: 0; + border-top: 1px solid #ccc; + margin: 1em 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * Remove the gap between audio, canvas, iframes, + * images, videos and the bottom of their containers: + * https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/440 + */ + +audio, +canvas, +iframe, +img, +svg, +video { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +/* + * Remove default fieldset styles. + */ + +fieldset { + border: 0; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * Allow only vertical resizing of textareas. + */ + +textarea { + resize: vertical; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Browser Upgrade Prompt + ========================================================================== */ + +.browserupgrade { + margin: 0.2em 0; + background: #ccc; + color: #000; + padding: 0.2em 0; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Author's custom styles + ========================================================================== */ + +body { + margin:0; + background-color: #e7f8ff; +} + +#container { + background-color:white; + width:95%; + max-width:960px; + margin:0 auto; +} + +img { + margin:0 auto; + width:100%; + height:auto; +} + +h1 { + text-align: center; + font-size: 60px; + font-family: Geneva, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; + letter-spacing: 40px; + padding-bottom:40px; + border-bottom: 2px solid #e7f8ff; +} + +h2 { + font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; +} + +#box1 { + width:29%; + float:left; + background-color:white; + padding:15px; + border: 5px solid #e7f8ff; +} + +#box1 img { + height:500px; +} + +#box2 { + width:29%; + float:left; + background-color:white; + padding:15px; + border: 5px solid #e7f8ff; +} + +#box2 img { + height:500px; +} + +#box3 { + width:29%; + float:left; + background-color:white; + padding:15px; + border: 5px solid #e7f8ff; +} + +#box3 img { + height:500px; +} + +/*Mobile Styles*/ +@media screen and (max-width:799px){ + +h1 { + text-align: center; + font-size: 20px; + font-family: Geneva, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; + letter-spacing: 20px; + padding-bottom:25px; + border-bottom: 2px solid #e7f8ff; +} + +#box1 { + width:91%; +} + +#box1 img { + height:500px; + width:auto; + display:block; + margin:0 auto; +} + +#box2 { + width:91%; +} + +#box2 img { + height:500px; + width:auto; + display:block; + margin:0 auto; +} + +#box3 { + width:91%; +} + +#box3 img { + height:500px; + width:auto; + display:block; + margin:0 auto; +} + +} + + +/*Tablet Styles*/ +@media screen and (min-width:800px) and (max-width:971px) { + +#box1 { + width:44.5%; +} + +#box1 img { + height:500px; + width:auto; + display:block; + margin:0 auto; +} + +#box2 { + width:44.5%; +} + +#box2 img { + height:500px; + width:auto; + display:block; + margin:0 auto; +} + +#box3 { + width:93.5%; +} + +#box3 img { + height:500px; + width:auto; + display:block; + margin:0 auto; +} + +} + +/*Desktop Styles*/ +@media screen and (min-width:972px) { + +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Helper classes + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Hide visually and from screen readers + */ + +.hidden { + display: none !important; +} + +/* + * Hide only visually, but have it available for screen readers: + * http://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility + */ + +.visuallyhidden { + border: 0; + clip: rect(0 0 0 0); + height: 1px; + margin: -1px; + overflow: hidden; + padding: 0; + position: absolute; + width: 1px; +} + +/* + * Extends the .visuallyhidden class to allow the element + * to be focusable when navigated to via the keyboard: + * https://www.drupal.org/node/897638 + */ + +.visuallyhidden.focusable:active, +.visuallyhidden.focusable:focus { + clip: auto; + height: auto; + margin: 0; + overflow: visible; + position: static; + width: auto; +} + +/* + * Hide visually and from screen readers, but maintain layout + */ + +.invisible { + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* + * Clearfix: contain floats + * + * For modern browsers + * 1. The space content is one way to avoid an Opera bug when the + * `contenteditable` attribute is included anywhere else in the document. + * Otherwise it causes space to appear at the top and bottom of elements + * that receive the `clearfix` class. + * 2. The use of `table` rather than `block` is only necessary if using + * `:before` to contain the top-margins of child elements. + */ + +.clearfix:before, +.clearfix:after { + content: " "; /* 1 */ + display: table; /* 2 */ +} + +.clearfix:after { + clear: both; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + EXAMPLE Media Queries for Responsive Design. + These examples override the primary ('mobile first') styles. + Modify as content requires. + ========================================================================== */ + +@media only screen and (min-width: 35em) { + /* Style adjustments for viewports that meet the condition */ +} + +@media print, + (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), + (min-resolution: 1.25dppx), + (min-resolution: 120dpi) { + /* Style adjustments for high resolution devices */ +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Print styles. + Inlined to avoid the additional HTTP request: + http://www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/ + ========================================================================== */ + +@media print { + *, + *:before, + *:after, + *:first-letter, + *:first-line { + background: transparent !important; + color: #000 !important; /* Black prints faster: + http://www.sanbeiji.com/archives/953 */ + box-shadow: none !important; + text-shadow: none !important; + } + + a, + a:visited { + text-decoration: underline; + } + + a[href]:after { + content: " (" attr(href) ")"; + } + + abbr[title]:after { + content: " (" attr(title) ")"; + } + + /* + * Don't show links that are fragment identifiers, + * or use the `javascript:` pseudo protocol + */ + + a[href^="#"]:after, + a[href^="javascript:"]:after { + content: ""; + } + + pre, + blockquote { + border: 1px solid #999; + page-break-inside: avoid; + } + + /* + * Printing Tables: + * http://css-discuss.incutio.com/wiki/Printing_Tables + */ + + thead { + display: table-header-group; + } + + tr, + img { + page-break-inside: avoid; + } + + img { + max-width: 100% !important; + } + + p, + h2, + h3 { + orphans: 3; + widows: 3; + } + + h2, + h3 { + page-break-after: avoid; + } +} diff --git a/css/normalize.css b/css/normalize.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e5e3c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/css/normalize.css @@ -0,0 +1,424 @@ +/*! normalize.css v3.0.3 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */ + +/** + * 1. Set default font family to sans-serif. + * 2. Prevent iOS and IE text size adjust after device orientation change, + * without disabling user zoom. + */ + +html { + font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */ + -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ + -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Remove default margin. + */ + +body { + margin: 0; +} + +/* HTML5 display definitions + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Correct `block` display not defined for any HTML5 element in IE 8/9. + * Correct `block` display not defined for `details` or `summary` in IE 10/11 + * and Firefox. + * Correct `block` display not defined for `main` in IE 11. + */ + +article, +aside, +details, +figcaption, +figure, +footer, +header, +hgroup, +main, +menu, +nav, +section, +summary { + display: block; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9. + * 2. Normalize vertical alignment of `progress` in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera. + */ + +audio, +canvas, +progress, +video { + display: inline-block; /* 1 */ + vertical-align: baseline; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls. + * Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices. + */ + +audio:not([controls]) { + display: none; + height: 0; +} + +/** + * Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9/10. + * Hide the `template` element in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Firefox < 22. + */ + +[hidden], +template { + display: none; +} + +/* Links + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10. + */ + +a { + background-color: transparent; +} + +/** + * Improve readability of focused elements when they are also in an + * active/hover state. + */ + +a:active, +a:hover { + outline: 0; +} + +/* Text-level semantics + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Address styling not present in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Chrome. + */ + +abbr[title] { + border-bottom: 1px dotted; +} + +/** + * Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome. + */ + +b, +strong { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/** + * Address styling not present in Safari and Chrome. + */ + +dfn { + font-style: italic; +} + +/** + * Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article` + * contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome. + */ + +h1 { + font-size: 2em; + margin: 0.67em 0; +} + +/** + * Address styling not present in IE 8/9. + */ + +mark { + background: #ff0; + color: #000; +} + +/** + * Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers. + */ + +small { + font-size: 80%; +} + +/** + * Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers. + */ + +sub, +sup { + font-size: 75%; + line-height: 0; + position: relative; + vertical-align: baseline; +} + +sup { + top: -0.5em; +} + +sub { + bottom: -0.25em; +} + +/* Embedded content + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9/10. + */ + +img { + border: 0; +} + +/** + * Correct overflow not hidden in IE 9/10/11. + */ + +svg:not(:root) { + overflow: hidden; +} + +/* Grouping content + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari. + */ + +figure { + margin: 1em 40px; +} + +/** + * Address differences between Firefox and other browsers. + */ + +hr { + box-sizing: content-box; + height: 0; +} + +/** + * Contain overflow in all browsers. + */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; +} + +/** + * Address odd `em`-unit font size rendering in all browsers. + */ + +code, +kbd, +pre, +samp { + font-family: monospace, monospace; + font-size: 1em; +} + +/* Forms + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Known limitation: by default, Chrome and Safari on OS X allow very limited + * styling of `select`, unless a `border` property is set. + */ + +/** + * 1. Correct color not being inherited. + * Known issue: affects color of disabled elements. + * 2. Correct font properties not being inherited. + * 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome. + */ + +button, +input, +optgroup, +select, +textarea { + color: inherit; /* 1 */ + font: inherit; /* 2 */ + margin: 0; /* 3 */ +} + +/** + * Address `overflow` set to `hidden` in IE 8/9/10/11. + */ + +button { + overflow: visible; +} + +/** + * Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`. + * All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values. + * Correct `button` style inheritance in Firefox, IE 8/9/10/11, and Opera. + * Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox. + */ + +button, +select { + text-transform: none; +} + +/** + * 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio` + * and `video` controls. + * 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS. + * 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type + * `input` and others. + */ + +button, +html input[type="button"], /* 1 */ +input[type="reset"], +input[type="submit"] { + -webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */ + cursor: pointer; /* 3 */ +} + +/** + * Re-set default cursor for disabled elements. + */ + +button[disabled], +html input[disabled] { + cursor: default; +} + +/** + * Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+. + */ + +button::-moz-focus-inner, +input::-moz-focus-inner { + border: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/** + * Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in + * the UA stylesheet. + */ + +input { + line-height: normal; +} + +/** + * It's recommended that you don't attempt to style these elements. + * Firefox's implementation doesn't respect box-sizing, padding, or width. + * + * 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9/10. + * 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9/10. + */ + +input[type="checkbox"], +input[type="radio"] { + box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ + padding: 0; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Fix the cursor style for Chrome's increment/decrement buttons. For certain + * `font-size` values of the `input`, it causes the cursor style of the + * decrement button to change from `default` to `text`. + */ + +input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button, +input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button { + height: auto; +} + +/** + * 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari and Chrome. + * 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari and Chrome. + */ + +input[type="search"] { + -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */ + box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari and Chrome on OS X. + * Safari (but not Chrome) clips the cancel button when the search input has + * padding (and `textfield` appearance). + */ + +input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button, +input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration { + -webkit-appearance: none; +} + +/** + * Define consistent border, margin, and padding. + */ + +fieldset { + border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; + margin: 0 2px; + padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em; +} + +/** + * 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9/10/11. + * 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets. + */ + +legend { + border: 0; /* 1 */ + padding: 0; /* 2 */ +} + +/** + * Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9/10/11. + */ + +textarea { + overflow: auto; +} + +/** + * Don't inherit the `font-weight` (applied by a rule above). + * NOTE: the default cannot safely be changed in Chrome and Safari on OS X. + */ + +optgroup { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* Tables + ========================================================================== */ + +/** + * Remove most spacing between table cells. + */ + +table { + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; +} + +td, +th { + padding: 0; +} diff --git a/doc/TOC.md b/doc/TOC.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..483997a --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/TOC.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) + +## Getting started + +* [Usage](usage.md) — Overview of the project contents. +* [FAQ](faq.md) — Frequently asked questions along with their answers. + +## HTML5 Boilerplate core + +* [HTML](html.md) — Guide to the default HTML. +* [CSS](css.md) — Guide to the default CSS. +* [JavaScript](js.md) — Guide to the default JavaScript. +* [Everything else](misc.md). + +## Development + +* [Extending and customizing HTML5 Boilerplate](extend.md) — Going further + with the boilerplate. + +## Related projects + +The [H5BP organization](https://github.com/h5bp) maintains several projects +that complement HTML5 Boilerplate, projects that can help you improve different +aspects of your website/web app (e.g.: the performance, security, etc.). + +* [Server Configs](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) — Fast and + smart configurations for web servers such as Apache and Nginx. +* [Ant Build Script](https://github.com/h5bp/ant-build-script) — Apache + Ant based build script. diff --git a/doc/css.md b/doc/css.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58f6345 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/css.md @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The CSS + +HTML5 Boilerplate's CSS includes: + +* [Normalize.css](#normalizecss) +* [Useful defaults](#useful-defaults) +* [Common helpers](#common-helpers) +* [Placeholder media queries](#media-queries) +* [Print styles](#print-styles) + +This starting CSS does not rely on the presence of +[conditional class names](https://www.paulirish.com/2008/conditional-stylesheets-vs-css-hacks-answer-neither/), +[conditional style sheets](https://css-tricks.com/how-to-create-an-ie-only-stylesheet/), +or [Modernizr](http://modernizr.com/), and it is ready to use no matter what +your development preferences happen to be. + + +## Normalize.css + +In order to make browsers render all elements more consistently and in line +with modern standards, we include +[Normalize.css](https://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/) — a modern, HTML5-ready +alternative to CSS resets. + +As opposed to CSS resets, Normalize.css: + +* targets only the styles that need normalizing +* preserves useful browser defaults rather than erasing them +* corrects bugs and common browser inconsistencies +* improves usability with subtle improvements +* doesn't clutter the debugging tools +* has better documentation + +For more information about Normalize.css, please refer to its [project +page](https://necolas.github.com/normalize.css/), as well as this +[blog post](http://nicolasgallagher.com/about-normalize-css/). + + +## Useful defaults + +Several base styles are included that build upon `Normalize.css`. These +styles: + +* provide basic typography settings that improve text readability +* protect against unwanted `text-shadow` during text highlighting +* tweak the default alignment of some elements (e.g.: `img`, `video`, + `fieldset`, `textarea`) +* style the prompt that is displayed to users using an outdated browser + +You are free and even encouraged to modify or add to these base styles as your +project requires. + + +## Common helpers + +Along with the base styles, we also provide some commonly used helper classes. + +#### `.hidden` + +The `hidden` class can be added to any element that you want to hide visually +and from screen readers. It could be an element that will be populated and +displayed later, or an element you will hide with JavaScript. + +#### `.visuallyhidden` + +The `visuallyhidden` class can be added to any element that you want to hide +visually, while still have its content accessible to screen readers. + +See also: + +* [CSS in Action: Invisible Content Just for Screen Reader + Users](http://www.webaim.org/techniques/css/invisiblecontent/) +* [Hiding content for + accessibility](http://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility) +* [HTML5 Boilerplate - Issue #194](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/194/). + +#### `.invisible` + +The `invisible` class can be added to any element that you want to hide +visually and from screen readers, but without affecting the layout. + +As opposed to the `hidden` class that effectively removes the element from the +layout, the `invisible` class will simply make the element invisible while +keeping it in the flow and not affecting the positioning of the surrounding +content. + +__N.B.__ Try to stay away from, and don't use the classes specified above for +[keyword stuffing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword_stuffing) as you will +harm your site's ranking! + +#### `.clearfix` + +The `clearfix` class can be added to any element to ensure that it always fully +contains its floated children. + +Over the years there have been many variants of the clearfix hack, but currently, +we use the [micro clearfix](http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/). + + +## Media Queries + +HTML5 Boilerplate makes it easy for you to get started with a +[_mobile first_](http://www.lukew.com/presos/preso.asp?26) and [_responsive web +design_](http://www.alistapart.com/articles/responsive-web-design/) approach to +development. But it's worth remembering that there are [no silver +bullets](http://blog.cloudfour.com/css-media-query-for-mobile-is-fools-gold/). + +We include placeholder media queries to help you build up your mobile styles for +wider viewports and high-resolution displays. It's recommended that you adapt +these media queries based on the content of your site rather than mirroring the +fixed dimensions of specific devices. + +If you do not want to take the _mobile first_ approach, you can simply edit or +remove these placeholder media queries. One possibility would be to work from +wide viewports down, and use `max-width` media queries instead (e.g.: +`@media only screen and (max-width: 480px)`). + +For more features that can help you in your mobile web development, take a look +into our [Mobile Boilerplate](https://github.com/h5bp/mobile-boilerplate). + + +## Print styles + +Lastly, we provide some useful print styles that will optimize the printing +process, as well as make the printed pages easier to read. + +At printing time, these styles will: + +* strip all background colors, change the font color to black, and remove the + `text-shadow` — done in order to [help save printer ink and speed up the + printing process](http://www.sanbeiji.com/archives/953) +* underline and expand links to include the URL — done in order to allow users + to know where to refer to
+ (exceptions to this are: the links that are + [fragment identifiers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#attr-href), + or use the + [`javascript:` pseudo protocol](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/void#JavaScript_URIs)) +* expand abbreviations to include the full description — done in order to allow + users to know what the abbreviations stands for +* provide instructions on how browsers should break the content into pages and + on [orphans/widows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_and_orphans), namely, + we instruct + [supporting browsers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_layout_engines_%28Cascading_Style_Sheets%29#Grammar_and_rules) + that they should: + + * ensure the table header (``) is [printed on each page spanned by the + table](http://css-discuss.incutio.com/wiki/Printing_Tables) + * prevent block quotations, preformatted text, images and table rows from + being split onto two different pages + * ensure that headings never appear on a different page than the text they + are associated with + * ensure that + [orphans and widows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_and_orphans) do + [not appear on printed pages](https://css-tricks.com/almanac/properties/o/orphans/) + +The print styles are included along with the other `css` to [avoid the +additional HTTP request](http://www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/). +Also, they should always be included last, so that the other styles can be +overwritten. diff --git a/doc/extend.md b/doc/extend.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c98e177 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/extend.md @@ -0,0 +1,663 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Extend and customise HTML5 Boilerplate + +Here is some useful advice for how you can make your project with HTML5 +Boilerplate even better. We don't want to include it all by default, as +not everything fits with everyone's needs. + + +* [App Stores](#app-stores) +* [DNS prefetching](#dns-prefetching) +* [Google Universal Analytics](#google-universal-analytics) +* [Internet Explorer](#internet-explorer) +* [Miscellaneous](#miscellaneous) +* [News Feeds](#news-feeds) +* [Search](#search) +* [Social Networks](#social-networks) +* [URLs](#urls) +* [Web Apps](#web-apps) + + +## App Stores + +### Install a Chrome Web Store app + +Users can install a Chrome app directly from your website, as long as +the app and site have been associated via Google's Webmaster Tools. +Read more on [Chrome Web Store's Inline Installation +docs](https://developer.chrome.com/webstore/inline_installation). + +```html + +``` + +### Smart App Banners in iOS 6+ Safari + +Stop bothering everyone with gross modals advertising your entry in the +App Store. Include the following [meta tag](https://developer.apple.com/library/IOS/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/PromotingAppswithAppBanners/PromotingAppswithAppBanners.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40002051-CH6-SW2) +will unintrusively allow the user the option to download your iOS app, +or open it with some data about the user's current state on the website. + +```html + +``` + +## DNS prefetching + +In short, DNS Prefetching is a method of informing the browser of domain names +referenced on a site so that the client can resolve the DNS for those hosts, +cache them, and when it comes time to use them, have a faster turn around on +the request. + +### Implicit prefetches + +There is a lot of prefetching done for you automatically by the browser. When +the browser encounters an anchor in your html that does not share the same +domain name as the current location the browser requests, from the client OS, +the IP address for this new domain. The client first checks its cache and +then, lacking a cached copy, makes a request from a DNS server. These requests +happen in the background and are not meant to block the rendering of the +page. + +The goal of this is that when the foreign IP address is finally needed it will +already be in the client cache and will not block the loading of the foreign +content. Fewer requests result in faster page load times. The perception of this +is increased on a mobile platform where DNS latency can be greater. + +#### Disable implicit prefetching + +```html + +``` + +Even with X-DNS-Prefetch-Control meta tag (or http header) browsers will still +prefetch any explicit dns-prefetch links. + +**_WARNING:_** THIS MAY MAKE YOUR SITE SLOWER IF YOU RELY ON RESOURCES FROM +FOREIGN DOMAINS. + +### Explicit prefetches + +Typically the browser only scans the HTML for foreign domains. If you have +resources that are outside of your HTML (a javascript request to a remote +server or a CDN that hosts content that may not be present on every page of +your site, for example) then you can queue up a domain name to be prefetched. + +```html + + +``` + +You can use as many of these as you need, but it's best if they are all +immediately after the [Meta +Charset](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meta#attr-charset) +element (which should go right at the top of the `head`), so the browser can +act on them ASAP. + +#### Common Prefetch Links + +Amazon S3: + +```html + +``` + +Google APIs: + +```html + +``` + +Microsoft Ajax Content Delivery Network: + +```html + + +``` + +### Further reading about DNS prefetching + +* https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Controlling_DNS_prefetching +* https://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/dns-prefetching +* http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2011/03/17/internet-explorer-9-network-performance-improvements.aspx +* http://dayofjs.com/videos/22158462/web-browsers_alex-russel + + +## Google Universal Analytics + +### More tracking settings + +The [optimized Google Universal Analytics +snippet](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#universal-analytics) +included with HTML5 Boilerplate includes something like this: + +```js +ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); +``` + +To customize further, see Google's [Advanced +Setup](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/advanced), +[Pageview](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/pages), +and [Event](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/events) Docs. + +### Anonymize IP addresses + +In some countries, no personal data may be transferred outside jurisdictions +that do not have similarly strict laws (i.e. from Germany to outside the EU). +Thus a webmaster using the Google Universal Analytics may have to ensure that +no personal (trackable) data is transferred to the US. You can do that with +[the `ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);` +parameter](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/advanced#anonymizeip) +before sending any events/pageviews. In use it looks like this: + +```js +ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto'); +ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true); +ga('send', 'pageview'); +``` + +### Track jQuery AJAX requests in Google Analytics + +An article by @JangoSteve explains how to [track jQuery AJAX requests in Google +Analytics](http://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/). + +Add this to `plugins.js`: + +```js +/* + * Log all jQuery AJAX requests to Google Analytics + * See: http://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/ + */ +if (typeof ga !== "undefined" && ga !== null) { + $(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings){ + ga('send', 'pageview', settings.url); + }); +} +``` + +### Track JavaScript errors in Google Analytics + +Add this function after `ga` is defined: + +```js +(function(window){ + var undefined, + link = function (href) { + var a = window.document.createElement('a'); + a.href = href; + return a; + }; + window.onerror = function (message, file, line, column) { + var host = link(file).hostname; + ga('send', { + 'hitType': 'event', + 'eventCategory': (host == window.location.hostname || host == undefined || host == '' ? '' : 'external ') + 'error', + 'eventAction': message, + 'eventLabel': (file + ' LINE: ' + line + (column ? ' COLUMN: ' + column : '')).trim(), + 'nonInteraction': 1 + }); + }; +}(window)); +``` + +### Track page scroll + +Add this function after `ga` is defined: + +```js +$(function(){ + var isDuplicateScrollEvent, + scrollTimeStart = new Date, + $window = $(window), + $document = $(document), + scrollPercent; + + $window.scroll(function() { + scrollPercent = Math.round(100 * ($window.height() + $window.scrollTop())/$document.height()); + if (scrollPercent > 90 && !isDuplicateScrollEvent) { //page scrolled to 90% + isDuplicateScrollEvent = 1; + ga('send', 'event', 'scroll', + 'Window: ' + $window.height() + 'px; Document: ' + $document.height() + 'px; Time: ' + Math.round((new Date - scrollTimeStart )/1000,1) + 's' + ); + } + }); +}); +``` + +## Internet Explorer + +### Prompt users to switch to "Desktop Mode" in IE10 Metro + +IE10 does not support plugins, such as Flash, in Metro mode. If +your site requires plugins, you can let users know that via the +`x-ua-compatible` meta element, which will prompt them to switch +to Desktop Mode. + +```html + +``` + +Here's what it looks like alongside H5BP's default `x-ua-compatible` +values: + +```html + +``` + +You can find more information in [Microsoft's IEBlog post about prompting for +plugin use in IE10 Metro +Mode](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/01/31/web-sites-and-a-plug-in-free-web.aspx). + +### IE Pinned Sites (IE9+) + +Enabling your application for pinning will allow IE9 users to add it to their +Windows Taskbar and Start Menu. This comes with a range of new tools that you +can easily configure with the elements below. See more [documentation on IE9 +Pinned Sites](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg131029.aspx). + +### Name the Pinned Site for Windows + +Without this rule, Windows will use the page title as the name for your +application. + +```html + +``` + +### Give your Pinned Site a tooltip + +You know — a tooltip. A little textbox that appears when the user holds their +mouse over your Pinned Site's icon. + +```html + +``` + +### Set a default page for your Pinned Site + +If the site should go to a specific URL when it is pinned (such as the +homepage), enter it here. One idea is to send it to a special URL so you can +track the number of pinned users, like so: +`http://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true` + +```html + +``` + +### Recolor IE's controls manually for a Pinned Site + +IE9+ will automatically use the overall color of your Pinned Site's favicon to +shade its browser buttons. UNLESS you give it another color here. Only use +named colors (`red`) or hex colors (`#ff0000`). + +```html + +``` + +### Manually set the window size of a Pinned Site + +If the site should open at a certain window size once pinned, you can specify +the dimensions here. It only supports static pixel dimensions. 800x600 +minimum. + +```html + +``` + +### Jump List "Tasks" for Pinned Sites + +Add Jump List Tasks that will appear when the Pinned Site's icon gets a +right-click. Each Task goes to the specified URL, and gets its own mini icon +(essentially a favicon, a 16x16 .ICO). You can add as many of these as you +need. + +```html + + +``` + +### (Windows 8) High quality visuals for Pinned Sites + +Windows 8 adds the ability for you to provide a PNG tile image and specify the +tile's background color. [Full details on the IE +blog](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/06/08/high-quality-visuals-for-pinned-sites-in-windows-8.aspx). + +* Create a 144x144 image of your site icon, filling all of the canvas, and + using a transparent background. +* Save this image as a 32-bit PNG and optimize it without reducing + colour-depth. It can be named whatever you want (e.g. `metro-tile.png`). +* To reference the tile and its color, add the HTML `meta` elements described + in the IE Blog post. + +### (Windows 8) Badges for Pinned Sites + +IE10 will poll an XML document for badge information to display on your app's +tile in the Start screen. The user will be able to receive these badge updates +even when your app isn't actively running. The badge's value can be a number, +or one of a predefined list of glyphs. + +* [Tutorial on IEBlog with link to badge XML schema](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/04/03/pinned-sites-in-windows-8.aspx) +* [Available badge values](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/br212849.aspx) + +```html + +``` + +### Disable link highlighting upon tap in IE10 + +Similar to [-webkit-tap-highlight-color](http://davidwalsh.name/mobile-highlight-color) +in iOS Safari. Unlike that CSS property, this is an HTML meta element, and its +value is boolean rather than a color. It's all or nothing. + +```html + +``` + +You can read about this useful element and more techniques in +[Microsoft's documentation on adapting WebKit-oriented apps for IE10](https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2012/11/15/adapting-your-webkit-optimized-site-for-internet-explorer-10/) + +## Search + +### Direct search spiders to your sitemap + +[Learn how to make a sitemap](http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html) + +```html + +``` + +### Hide pages from search engines + +According to Heather Champ, former community manager at Flickr, you should not +allow search engines to index your "Contact Us" or "Complaints" page if you +value your sanity. This is an HTML-centric way of achieving that. + +```html + +``` + +**_WARNING:_** DO NOT INCLUDE ON PAGES THAT SHOULD APPEAR IN SEARCH ENGINES. + +### Firefox and IE Search Plugins + +Sites with in-site search functionality should be strongly considered for a +browser search plugin. A "search plugin" is an XML file which defines how your +plugin behaves in the browser. [How to make a browser search +plugin](https://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&q=how+to+make+browser+search+plugin). + +```html + +``` + + +## Miscellaneous + +* Use [polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-browser-Polyfills). + +* Use [Microformats](http://microformats.org/wiki/Main_Page) (via + [microdata](http://microformats.org/wiki/microdata)) for optimum search + results + [visibility](http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets.html). + +* If you're building a web app you may want [native style momentum scrolling in + iOS 5+](http://www.johanbrook.com/articles/native-style-momentum-scrolling-to-arrive-in-ios-5/) + using `-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch`. + +* If you want to disable the translation prompt in Chrome or block Google + Translate from translating your web page, use [``](https://support.google.com/translate/?hl=en#2641276). + To disable translation for a particular section of the web page, add + [`class="notranslate"`](https://support.google.com/translate/?hl=en#2641276). + +* If you want to disable the automatic detection and formatting of possible + phone numbers in Safari on iOS, use [``](https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html/#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40008193-SW5). + +* Avoid development/stage websites "leaking" into SERPs (search engine results + page) by [implementing X-Robots-tag + headers](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/804). + +* Screen readers currently have less-than-stellar support for HTML5 but the JS + script [accessifyhtml5.js](https://github.com/yatil/accessifyhtml5.js) can + help increase accessibility by adding ARIA roles to HTML5 elements. + + +## News Feeds + +### RSS + +Have an RSS feed? Link to it here. Want to [learn how to write an RSS feed from +scratch](http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification)? + +```html + +``` + +### Atom + +Atom is similar to RSS, and you might prefer to use it instead of or in +addition to it. [See what Atom's all +about](http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/). + +```html + +``` + +### Pingbacks + +Your server may be notified when another site links to yours. The href +attribute should contain the location of your pingback service. + +```html + +``` + +* High-level explanation: https://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks +* Step-by-step example case: http://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback-1.0#TOC5 +* PHP pingback service: https://web.archive.org/web/20131211032834/http://blog.perplexedlabs.com/2009/07/15/xmlrpc-pingbacks-using-php/ + + + +## Social Networks + +### Facebook Open Graph data + +You can control the information that Facebook and others display when users +share your site. Below are just the most basic data points you might need. For +specific content types (including "website"), see [Facebook's built-in Open +Graph content +templates](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/objects/builtin/). +Take full advantage of Facebook's support for complex data and activity by +following the [Open Graph +tutorial](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/tutorial/). + +```html + + + +``` + +### Twitter Cards + +Twitter provides a snippet specification that serves a similar purpose to Open +Graph. In fact, Twitter will use Open Graph when Cards is not available. Note +that, as of this writing, Twitter requires that app developers activate Cards +on a per-domain basis. You can read more about the various snippet formats +and application process in the [official Twitter Cards +documentation](https://dev.twitter.com/docs/cards). + +```html + + + + + + + +``` + + +## URLs + +### Canonical URL + +Signal to search engines and others "Use this URL for this page!" Useful when +parameters after a `#` or `?` is used to control the display state of a page. +`http://www.example.com/cart.html?shopping-cart-open=true` can be indexed as +the cleaner, more accurate `http://www.example.com/cart.html`. + +```html + +``` + +### Official shortlink + +Signal to the world "This is the shortened URL to use this page!" Poorly +supported at this time. Learn more by reading the [article about shortlinks on +the Microformats wiki](http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-shortlink). + +```html + +``` + +### Separate mobile URLs + +If you use separate URLs for desktop and mobile users, you should consider +helping search engine algorithms better understand the configuration on your +web site. + +This can be done by adding the following annotations in your HTML pages: + +* on the desktop page, add the `link rel="alternate"` tag pointing to the + corresponding mobile URL, e.g.: + + `` + +* on the mobile page, add the `link rel="canonical"` tag pointing to the + corresponding desktop URL, e.g.: + + `` + +For more information please see: + +* https://developers.google.com/webmasters/smartphone-sites/details#separateurls +* https://developers.google.com/webmasters/smartphone-sites/feature-phones + + +## Web Apps + +There are a couple of meta tags that provide information about a web app when +added to the Home Screen on iOS: + +* Adding `apple-mobile-web-app-capable` will make your web app chrome-less and +provide the default iOS app view. You can control the color scheme of the +default view by adding `apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style`. + + ```html + + +``` + +* You can use `apple-mobile-web-app-title` to add a specific sites name for the +Home Screen icon. This works since iOS 6. + + ```html + +``` + +For further information please read the [official +documentation](https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/#documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html) +on Apple's site. + + +### Apple Touch Icons + +The Apple touch icons can be seen as the favicons of iOS devices. + +The main sizes of the Apple touch icons are: + +* `57×57px` – iPhone with @1x display and iPod Touch +* `72×72px` – iPad and iPad mini with @1x display running iOS ≤ 6 +* `76×76px` – iPad and iPad mini with @1x display running iOS ≥ 7 +* `114×114px` – iPhone with @2x display running iOS ≤ 6 +* `120×120px` – iPhone with @2x and @3x display running iOS ≥ 7 +* `144×144px` – iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS ≤ 6 +* `152×152px` – iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS 7 +* `180×180px` – iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS 8 + +Displays meaning: + +* @1x - non-Retina +* @2x - Retina +* @3x - Retina HD + +More information about the displays of iOS devices can be found +[here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices#Display). + +In most cases, one `180×180px` touch icon named `apple-touch-icon.png` +and including: + +```html + +``` + +in the `` of the page is enough. If you use art-direction and/or +want to have different content for each device, you can add more touch +icons as written above. + +For a more comprehensive overview, please refer to Mathias' [article on Touch +Icons](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/touch-icons). + + +### Apple Touch Startup Image + +Apart from that it is possible to add start-up screens for web apps on iOS. This +basically works by defining `apple-touch-startup-image` with an according link +to the image. Since iOS devices have different screen resolutions it is +necessary to add media queries to detect which image to load. Here is an +example for a retina iPhone: + +```html + +``` + +However, it is possible to detect which start-up image to use with JavaScript. +The Mobile Boilerplate provides a useful function for this. Please see +[helpers.js](https://github.com/h5bp/mobile-boilerplate/blob/v4.1.0/js/helper.js#L336-L383) +for the implementation. + + +### Chrome Mobile web apps + +Chrome Mobile has a specific meta tag for making apps [installable to the +homescreen](https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen) +which tries to be a more generic replacement to Apple's proprietary meta tag: + +```html + +``` + +Same applies to the touch icons: + +```html + +``` + +### Theme Color + +You can add the [`theme-color` meta extension](https://github.com/whatwg/meta-theme-color) +in the `` of your pages to suggest the color that browsers and +OSes should use if they customize the display of individual pages in +their UIs with varying colors. + +```html + +``` + +The `content` attribute extension can take any valid CSS color. + +Currently, the `theme-color` meta extension is supported by [Chrome 39+ +for Android Lollipop](http://updates.html5rocks.com/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android) +and [Firefox OS 2.1+](https://twitter.com/ahmednefzaoui/status/492344698493997057). diff --git a/doc/faq.md b/doc/faq.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a93ca5 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/faq.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Frequently asked questions + +* [Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be + placed in the ``.](#why-is-the-google-analytics-code-at-the-bottom-google-recommends-it-be-placed-in-the-head) +* [How can I integrate Bootstrap with HTML5 + Boilerplate?](#how-can-i-integrate-bootstrap-with-html5-boilerplate) +* [Do I need to upgrade my site each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is + released?](#do-i-need-to-upgrade-my-site-each-time-a-new-version-of-html5-boilerplate-is-released) +* [Where can I get help with support + questions?](#where-can-i-get-help-with-support-questions) + +-- + + +### Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be placed in the ``. + +The main advantage of placing it in the `` is that you will track the +user's `pageview` even if they leave the page before it has been fully loaded. +However, having the code at the bottom of the page [helps improve +performance](https://stevesouders.com/efws/inline-scripts-bottom.php). + + +### How can I integrate [Bootstrap](http://getbootstrap.com/) with HTML5 Boilerplate? + +One simple way is to use [Initializr](http://www.initializr.com/) and create a +custom build that includes both HTML5 Boilerplate and +[Bootstrap](http://getbootstrap.com/). + +Read more about how [HTML5 Boilerplate and Bootstrap complement each +other](https://www.quora.com/Is-Bootstrap-a-complement-or-an-alternative-to-HTML5-Boilerplate-or-viceversa/answer/Nicolas-Gallagher). + + +### Do I need to upgrade my site each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is released? + +No, same as you don't normally replace the foundation of a house once it +was built. However, there is nothing stopping you from trying to work in the +latest changes, but you'll have to assess the costs/benefits of doing so. + + +### Where can I get help with support questions? + +Please ask for help on +[StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/html5boilerplate). diff --git a/doc/html.md b/doc/html.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65a4a20 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/html.md @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The HTML + +By default, HTML5 Boilerplate provides two `html` pages: + +* [`index.html`](#indexhtml) - a default HTML skeleton that should form the + basis of all pages on your website +* [`404.html`](#404html) - a placeholder 404 error page + + +## `index.html` + + +### The `no-js` class + +The `no-js` class is provided in order to allow you to more easily and +explicitly add custom styles based on whether JavaScript is disabled +(`.no-js`) or enabled (`.js`). Using this technique also helps [avoid the +FOUC](https://www.paulirish.com/2009/avoiding-the-fouc-v3/). + + +## Language attribute + +Please consider specifying the language of your content by adding the `lang` +attribute to `` as in this example: + +```html + +``` + +### The order of the `` and `<meta>` tags + +The order in which the `<title>` and the `<meta>` tags are specified is +important because: + +1) the charset declaration (`<meta charset="utf-8">`): + + * must be included completely within the [first 1024 bytes of the + document](https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#charset) + + * should be specified as early as possible (before any content that could + be controlled by an attacker, such as a `<title>` element) in order to + avoid a potential [encoding-related security + issue](https://code.google.com/p/doctype-mirror/wiki/ArticleUtf7) in + Internet Explorer + +2) the meta tag for compatibility mode + (`<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">`): + + * [needs to be included before all other tags except for the `<title>` and + the other `<meta>` + tags](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc288325.aspx) + + +### `x-ua-compatible` + +Internet Explorer 8/9/10 support [document compatibility +modes](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc288325.aspx) that affect the +way webpages are interpreted and displayed. Because of this, even if your site's +visitor is using, let's say, Internet Explorer 9, it's possible that IE will not +use the latest rendering engine, and instead, decide to render your page using +the Internet Explorer 5.5 rendering engine. + +Specifying the `x-ua-compatible` meta tag: + +```html +<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> +``` + +or sending the page with the following HTTP response header + +``` +X-UA-Compatible: IE=edge +``` + +will force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render the webpage in the highest +available mode in [the various cases when it may +not](https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8), and therefore, ensure that anyone +browsing your site is treated to the best possible user experience that +browser can offer. + +If possible, we recommend that you remove the `meta` tag and send only the +HTTP response header as the `meta` tag will not always work if your site is +served on a non-standard port, as Internet Explorer's preference option +`Display intranet sites in Compatibility View` is checked by default. + +If you are using Apache as your webserver, including the +[`.htaccess`](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache) file takes care of +the HTTP header. If you are using a different server, check out our [other +server config](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs). + +Starting with Internet Explorer 11, [document modes are +deprecated](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/bg182625.aspx#docmode). +If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were +designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to consider +enabling [Enterprise Mode](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11.aspx) throughout your company. + + +## Mobile viewport + +There are a few different options that you can use with the [`viewport` meta +tag](https://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dkx3qtm_22dxsrgcf4 "Viewport and +Media Queries - The Complete Idiot's Guide"). You can find out more in [the +Apple developer docs](https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/UsingtheViewport/UsingtheViewport.html). +HTML5 Boilerplate comes with a simple setup that strikes a good balance for general use cases. + +```html +<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> +``` + +## Favicons and Touch Icon + +The shortcut icons should be put in the root directory of your site. HTML5 +Boilerplate comes with a default set of icons (include favicon and one Apple +Touch Icon) that you can use as a baseline to create your own. + +Please refer to the more detailed description in the [Extend section](extend.md) +of these docs. + +## Modernizr + +HTML5 Boilerplate uses a custom build of Modernizr. + +[Modernizr](http://modernizr.com) is a JavaScript library which adds classes to +the `html` element based on the results of feature test and which ensures that +all browsers can make use of HTML5 elements (as it includes the HTML5 Shiv). +This allows you to target parts of your CSS and JavaScript based on the +features supported by a browser. + +In general, in order to keep page load times to a minimum, it's best to call +any JavaScript at the end of the page because if a script is slow to load +from an external server it may cause the whole page to hang. That said, the +Modernizr script *needs* to run *before* the browser begins rendering the page, +so that browsers lacking support for some of the new HTML5 elements are able to +handle them properly. Therefore the Modernizr script is the only JavaScript +file synchronously loaded at the top of the document. + +## What about polyfills? + +If you need to include [polyfills](https://remysharp.com/2010/10/08/what-is-a-polyfill) +in your project, you must make sure those load before any other JavaScript. If you're +using some polyfill CDN service, like [cdn.polyfill.io](https://cdn.polyfill.io/), +just put it before the other scripts in the bottom of the page: + +```html + <script src="https://cdn.polyfill.io/v1/polyfill.min.js"></script> + <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.2/jquery.min.js"></script> + <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="js/vendor/jquery-1.11.2.min.js"><\/script>')</script> + <script src="js/plugins.js"></script> + <script src="js/main.js"></script> +</body> +``` + +If you like to just include the polyfills yourself, you could include them in +`js/plugins.js`. When you have a bunch of polyfills to load in, you could +also create a `polyfills.js` file in the `js/vendor` directory. Also using +this technique, make sure the polyfills are all loaded before any other +Javascript. + +There are some misconceptions about Modernizr and polyfills. It's important +to understand that Modernizr just handles feature checking, not polyfilling +itself. The only thing Modernizr does regarding polyfills is that the team +maintains [a huge list of cross Browser polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-Browser-Polyfills). + +## The content area + +The central part of the boilerplate template is pretty much empty. This is +intentional, in order to make the boilerplate suitable for both web page and +web app development. + +### Browser Upgrade Prompt + +The main content area of the boilerplate includes a prompt to install an up to +date browser for users of IE 6/7. If you intended to support IE 6/7, then you +should remove the snippet of code. + +### jQuery CDN for jQuery + +The jQuery CDN version of the jQuery JavaScript library is referenced towards +the bottom of the page. A local fallback of jQuery is included for rare instances +when the CDN version might not be available, and to facilitate offline +development. + +The jQuery CDN version was chosen over other potential candidates +([like Google's Hosted Libraries](https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries/)) +because it's fast ([comparable or faster than Google by some +measures](https://www.cdnperf.com/#jsdelivr,cdnjs,google,yandex,microsoft,jquery,bootstrapcdn/https/90)) +and, (unlike Google's CDN) is available to China's hundreds of millions of internet users. +For many years we [chose](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1191) +the Google Hosted version over the jQuery CDN because it was available +over HTTPS (the jQuery CDN was not,) and it offered a better chance of +hitting the cache lottery owing to the popularity of the Google CDN. +The first issue is no longer valid and the second is far outweighed by +being able to serve jQuery to Chinese users. + +While the jQuery CDN is a strong default solution your site or application may +require a different configuration. Testing your site with services like +[WebPageTest](https://www.webpagetest.org/) and browser tools like +[PageSpeed Insights](https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/) or +[YSlow](https://developer.yahoo.com/yslow/) will help you examine the real +world performance of your site and can show where you can optimize your specific +site or application. + +### Google Universal Analytics Tracking Code + +Finally, an optimized version of the Google Universal Analytics tracking code is +included. Google recommends that this script be placed at the top of the page. +Factors to consider: if you place this script at the top of the page, you’ll +be able to count users who don’t fully load the page, and you’ll incur the max +number of simultaneous connections of the browser. + +Further information: + +* [Optimizing the Google Universal Analytics + Snippet](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#universal-analytics) +* [Introduction to + Analytics.js](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/) +* [Google Analytics Demos & Tools](https://ga-dev-tools.appspot.com/) + +**N.B.** The Google Universal Analytics snippet is included by default mainly +because Google Analytics is [currently one of the most popular tracking +solutions](https://trends.builtwith.com/analytics/Google-Analytics) out there. +However, its usage isn't set in stone, and you SHOULD consider exploring the +[alternatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_analytics_software) +and use whatever suits your needs best! diff --git a/doc/js.md b/doc/js.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c30b55 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/js.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# The JavaScript + +Information about the default JavaScript included in the project. + +## main.js + +This file can be used to contain or reference your site/app JavaScript code. +For larger projects, you can make use of a JavaScript module loader, like +[Require.js](http://requirejs.org/), to load any other scripts you need to +run. + +## plugins.js + +This file can be used to contain all your plugins, such as jQuery plugins and +other 3rd party scripts. + +One approach is to put jQuery plugins inside of a `(function($){ ... +})(jQuery);` closure to make sure they're in the jQuery namespace safety +blanket. Read more about [jQuery plugin +authoring](https://learn.jquery.com/plugins/#Getting_Started). + +By default the `plugins.js` file contains a small script to avoid `console` +errors in browsers that lack a `console`. The script will make sure that, if +a console method isn't available, that method will have the value of empty +function, thus, preventing the browser from throwing an error. + + +## vendor + +This directory can be used to contain all 3rd party library code. + +Minified versions of the latest jQuery and Modernizr libraries are included by +default. You may wish to create your own [custom Modernizr +build](http://www.modernizr.com/download/). diff --git a/doc/misc.md b/doc/misc.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf5409a --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/misc.md @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Miscellaneous + +* [.gitignore](#gitignore) +* [.editorconfig](#editorconfig) +* [Server Configuration](#server-configuration) +* [crossdomain.xml](#crossdomainxml) +* [robots.txt](#robotstxt) +* [browserconfig.xml](#browserconfigxml) + +-- + +## .gitignore + +HTML5 Boilerplate includes a basic project-level `.gitignore`. This should +primarily be used to avoid certain project-level files and directories from +being kept under source control. Different development-environments will +benefit from different collections of ignores. + +OS-specific and editor-specific files should be ignored using a "global +ignore" that applies to all repositories on your system. + +For example, add the following to your `~/.gitconfig`, where the `.gitignore` +in your HOME directory contains the files and directories you'd like to +globally ignore: + +```gitignore +[core] + excludesfile = ~/.gitignore +``` + +* More on global ignores: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files +* Comprehensive set of ignores on GitHub: https://github.com/github/gitignore + + +## .editorconfig + +The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and +your team define and maintain consistent coding styles between different +editors and IDEs. + +By default, `.editorconfig` includes some basic +[properties](http://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) that reflect the +coding styles from the files provided by default, but you can easily change +them to better suit your needs. + +In order for your editor/IDE to apply the +[properties](http://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) from the +`.editorconfig` file, you will need to [install a +plugin]( http://editorconfig.org/#download). + +__N.B.__ If you aren't using the server configurations provided by HTML5 +Boilerplate, we highly encourage you to configure your server to block +access to `.editorconfig` files, as they can disclose sensitive information! + +For more details, please refer to the [EditorConfig +project](http://editorconfig.org/). + + +## Server Configuration + +H5BP includes a [`.htaccess`](#htaccess) file for the [Apache HTTP +server](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/). If you are not using Apache +as your web server, then you are encouraged to download a +[server configuration](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) that +corresponds to your web server and environment. + +A `.htaccess` (hypertext access) file is a [Apache HTTP server +configuration file](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). +The `.htaccess` file is mostly used for: + +* Rewriting URLs +* Controlling cache +* Authentication +* Server-side includes +* Redirects +* Gzipping + +If you have access to the main server configuration file (usually called +`httpd.conf`), you should add the logic from the `.htaccess` file in, for +example, a <Directory> section in the main configuration file. This is usually +the recommended way, as using .htaccess files slows down Apache! + +To enable Apache modules locally, please see: +https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/wiki/How-to-enable-Apache-modules. + +In the repo the `.htaccess` is used for: + +* Allowing cross-origin access to web fonts +* CORS header for images when browsers request it +* Enable `404.html` as 404 error document +* Making the website experience better for IE users better +* Media UTF-8 as character encoding for `text/html` and `text/plain` +* Enabling the rewrite URLs engine +* Forcing or removing the `www.` at the begin of a URL +* It blocks access to directories without a default document +* It blocks access to files that can expose sensitive information. +* It reduces MIME type security risks +* It forces compressing (gzipping) +* It tells the browser whether they should request a specific file from the + server or whether they should grab it from the browser's cache + +When using `.htaccess` we recommend reading all inline comments (the rules after +a `#`) in the file once. There is a bunch of optional stuff in it. + +If you want to know more about the `.htaccess` file check out the +[Apache HTTP server docs](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/) or more +specifically the [htaccess +section](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html). + +Notice that the original repo for the `.htaccess` file is [this +one](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). + + +## crossdomain.xml + +The _cross-domain policy file_ is an XML document that gives a web client — +such as Adobe Flash Player, Adobe Reader, etc. — permission to handle data +across multiple domains, by: + + * granting read access to data + * permitting the client to include custom headers in cross-domain requests + * granting permissions for socket-based connections + +__e.g.__ If a client hosts content from a particular source domain and that +content makes requests directed towards a domain other than its own, the remote +domain would need to host a cross-domain policy file in order to grant access +to the source domain and allow the client to continue with the transaction. + +For more in-depth information, please see Adobe's [cross-domain policy file +specification](https://www.adobe.com/devnet/articles/crossdomain_policy_file_spec.html). + + +## robots.txt + +The `robots.txt` file is used to give instructions to web robots on what can +be crawled from the website. + +By default, the file provided by this project includes the next two lines: + + * `User-agent: *` - the following rules apply to all web robots + * `Disallow:` - everything on the website is allowed to be crawled + +If you want to disallow certain pages you will need to specify the path in a +`Disallow` directive (e.g.: `Disallow: /path`) or, if you want to disallow +crawling of all content, use `Disallow: /`. + +The `/robots.txt` file is not intended for access control, so don't try to +use it as such. Think of it as a "No Entry" sign, rather than a locked door. +URLs disallowed by the `robots.txt` file might still be indexed without being +crawled, and the content from within the `robots.txt` file can be viewed by +anyone, potentially disclosing the location of your private content! So, if +you want to block access to private content, use proper authentication instead. + +For more information about `robots.txt`, please see: + + * [robotstxt.org](http://www.robotstxt.org/) + * [How Google handles the `robots.txt` file](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/control-crawl-index/docs/robots_txt) + + +## browserconfig.xml + +The `browserconfig.xml` file is used to customize the tile displayed when users +pin your site to the Windows 8.1 start screen. In there you can define custom +tile colors, custom images or even [live tiles](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dn455106.aspx#CreatingLiveTiles). + +By default, the file points to 2 placeholder tile images: + +* `tile.png` (558x558px): used for `Small`, `Medium` and `Large` tiles. + This image resizes automatically when necessary. +* `tile-wide.png` (558x270px): user for `Wide` tiles. + +Notice that IE11 uses the same images when adding a site to the `favorites`. + +For more in-depth information about the `browserconfig.xml` file, please +see [MSDN](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dn320426.aspx). diff --git a/doc/usage.md b/doc/usage.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8fc360 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/usage.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](TOC.md) + +# Usage + +Once you have cloned or downloaded HTML5 Boilerplate, creating a site or app +usually involves the following: + +1. Set up the basic structure of the site. +2. Add some content, style, and functionality. +3. Run your site locally to see how it looks. +4. (Optionally run a build script to automate the optimization of your site - + e.g. [ant build script](https://github.com/h5bp/ant-build-script)) +5. Deploy your site. + + +## Basic structure + +A basic HTML5 Boilerplate site initially looks something like this: + +``` +. +├── css +│ ├── main.css +│ └── normalize.css +├── doc +├── img +├── js +│ ├── main.js +│ ├── plugins.js +│ └── vendor +│ ├── jquery.min.js +│ └── modernizr.min.js +├── .editorconfig +├── .htaccess +├── 404.html +├── apple-touch-icon.png +├── browserconfig.xml +├── index.html +├── humans.txt +├── robots.txt +├── crossdomain.xml +├── favicon.ico +├── tile-wide.png +└── tile.png +``` + +What follows is a general overview of each major part and how to use them. + +### css + +This directory should contain all your project's CSS files. It includes some +initial CSS to help get you started from a solid foundation. [About the +CSS](css.md). + +### doc + +This directory contains all the HTML5 Boilerplate documentation. You can use it +as the location and basis for your own project's documentation. + +### js + +This directory should contain all your project's JS files. Libraries, plugins, +and custom code can all be included here. It includes some initial JS to help +get you started. [About the JavaScript](js.md). + +### .htaccess + +The default web server configs are for Apache. For more information, please +refer to the [Apache Server Configs +repository](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). + +Host your site on a server other than Apache? You're likely to find the +corresponding server configs project listed in our [Server Configs +](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs/blob/master/README.md) repository. + +### 404.html + +A helpful custom 404 to get you started. + +### browserconfig.xml + +This file contains all settings regarding custom tiles for IE11. + +For more info on this topic, please refer to +[MSDN](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dn455106.aspx). + +### .editorconfig + +The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and +your team to maintain consistent coding styles between different +editors and IDEs. [Read more about the `.editorconfig` file](misc.md#editorconfig). + +### index.html + +This is the default HTML skeleton that should form the basis of all pages on +your site. If you are using a server-side templating framework, then you will +need to integrate this starting HTML with your setup. + +Make sure that you update the URLs for the referenced CSS and JavaScript if you +modify the directory structure at all. + +If you are using Google Universal Analytics, make sure that you edit the +corresponding snippet at the bottom to include your analytics ID. + +### humans.txt + +Edit this file to include the team that worked on your site/app, and the +technology powering it. + +### robots.txt + +Edit this file to include any pages you need hidden from search engines. + +### crossdomain.xml + +A template for working with cross-domain requests. [About +crossdomain.xml](misc.md#crossdomainxml). + +### Icons + +Replace the default `favicon.ico`, `tile.png`, `tile-wide.png` and Apple +Touch Icon with your own. + +If you want to use different Apple Touch Icons for different resolutions please +refer to the [according documentation](extend.md#apple-touch-icons). + +You might want to check out Hans' handy [HTML5 Boilerplate Favicon and Apple +Touch Icon +PSD-Template](https://drublic.de/blog/html5-boilerplate-favicons-psd-template/). diff --git a/favicon.ico b/favicon.ico new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be74abd Binary files /dev/null and b/favicon.ico differ diff --git a/humans.txt b/humans.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d2330f --- /dev/null +++ b/humans.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# humanstxt.org/ +# The humans responsible & technology colophon + +# TEAM + + <name> -- <role> -- <twitter> + +# THANKS + + <name> + +# TECHNOLOGY COLOPHON + + CSS3, HTML5 + Apache Server Configs, jQuery, Modernizr, Normalize.css diff --git a/img/.DS_Store b/img/.DS_Store new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5008ddf Binary files /dev/null and b/img/.DS_Store differ diff --git a/img/.gitignore b/img/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/img/blurredheader.jpg b/img/blurredheader.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9cd06be Binary files /dev/null and b/img/blurredheader.jpg differ diff --git a/img/edit.jpg b/img/edit.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21e95f2 Binary files /dev/null and b/img/edit.jpg differ diff --git a/img/explore.jpg b/img/explore.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e0ce05 Binary files /dev/null and b/img/explore.jpg differ diff --git a/img/share.jpg b/img/share.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5623a63 Binary files /dev/null and b/img/share.jpg differ diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbe5689 --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<!doctype html> +<html class="no-js" lang=""> + <head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> + <title> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ Instagram Header + +

INSTAGRAM

+ +
+
+

Share

+

Share photographs and videos instantly with your followers. There's also the option to upload your posts to other social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and more. Send private photos to your friends directly.

+ Share +
+ +
+

Explore

+

See the world from another perspective. Find and follow people that inspire you. Discover a variety of photgraphs and videos from all across the world. With over 400 million users, there's always something new to see.

+ Explore +
+ +
+

Edit

+

Our 10 advanced creative tools allow you to change the brightness, contrast and saturation, and shadows and highlights. Add filters to give your photos a pop. Stablilize your videos to give off a more cinematic feel.

+ Edit +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/js/main.js b/js/main.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/js/plugins.js b/js/plugins.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f887480 --- /dev/null +++ b/js/plugins.js @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Avoid `console` errors in browsers that lack a console. +(function() { + var method; + var noop = function () {}; + var methods = [ + 'assert', 'clear', 'count', 'debug', 'dir', 'dirxml', 'error', + 'exception', 'group', 'groupCollapsed', 'groupEnd', 'info', 'log', + 'markTimeline', 'profile', 'profileEnd', 'table', 'time', 'timeEnd', + 'timeline', 'timelineEnd', 'timeStamp', 'trace', 'warn' + ]; + var length = methods.length; + var console = (window.console = window.console || {}); + + while (length--) { + method = methods[length]; + + // Only stub undefined methods. + if (!console[method]) { + console[method] = noop; + } + } +}()); + +// Place any jQuery/helper plugins in here. diff --git a/js/vendor/jquery-1.12.0.min.js 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