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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation | |
table of contents](TOC.md) | |
# Miscellaneous | |
* [.gitignore](#gitignore) | |
* [.editorconfig](#editorconfig) | |
* [Server Configuration](#server-configuration) | |
* [robots.txt](#robotstxt) | |
* [browserconfig.xml](#browserconfigxml) | |
-- | |
## .gitignore | |
HTML5 Boilerplate includes a basic project-level `.gitignore`. This should | |
primarily be used to avoid certain project-level files and directories from | |
being kept under source control. Different development-environments will | |
benefit from different collections of ignores. | |
OS-specific and editor-specific files should be ignored using a "global | |
ignore" that applies to all repositories on your system. | |
For example, add the following to your `~/.gitconfig`, where the `.gitignore` | |
in your HOME directory contains the files and directories you'd like to | |
globally ignore: | |
```gitignore | |
[core] | |
excludesfile = ~/.gitignore | |
``` | |
* More on global ignores: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/ | |
* Comprehensive set of ignores on GitHub: https://github.com/github/gitignore | |
## .editorconfig | |
The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and | |
your team define and maintain consistent coding styles between different | |
editors and IDEs. | |
By default, `.editorconfig` includes some basic | |
[properties](http://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) that reflect the | |
coding styles from the files provided by default, but you can easily change | |
them to better suit your needs. | |
In order for your editor/IDE to apply the | |
[properties](http://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) from the | |
`.editorconfig` file, you may need to [install a | |
plugin]( http://editorconfig.org/#download). | |
__N.B.__ If you aren't using the server configurations provided by HTML5 | |
Boilerplate, we highly encourage you to configure your server to block | |
access to `.editorconfig` files, as they can disclose sensitive information! | |
For more details, please refer to the [EditorConfig | |
project](http://editorconfig.org/). | |
## Server Configuration | |
H5BP includes a [`.htaccess`](#htaccess) file for the [Apache HTTP | |
server](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/). If you are not using Apache | |
as your web server, then you are encouraged to download a | |
[server configuration](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) that | |
corresponds to your web server and environment. | |
A `.htaccess` (hypertext access) file is an [Apache HTTP server | |
configuration file](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). | |
The `.htaccess` file is mostly used for: | |
* Rewriting URLs | |
* Controlling cache | |
* Authentication | |
* Server-side includes | |
* Redirects | |
* Gzipping | |
If you have access to the main server configuration file (usually called | |
`httpd.conf`), you should add the logic from the `.htaccess` file in, for | |
example, a <Directory> section in the main configuration file. This is usually | |
the recommended way, as using .htaccess files slows down Apache! | |
To enable Apache modules locally, please see: | |
https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/wiki/How-to-enable-Apache-modules. | |
In the repo the `.htaccess` is used for: | |
* Allowing cross-origin access to web fonts | |
* CORS header for images when browsers request it | |
* Enable `404.html` as 404 error document | |
* Making the website experience better for IE users better | |
* Media UTF-8 as character encoding for `text/html` and `text/plain` | |
* Enabling the rewrite URLs engine | |
* Forcing or removing the `www.` at the begin of a URL | |
* It blocks access to directories without a default document | |
* It blocks access to files that can expose sensitive information. | |
* It reduces MIME type security risks | |
* It forces compressing (gzipping) | |
* It tells the browser whether they should request a specific file from the | |
server or whether they should grab it from the browser's cache | |
When using `.htaccess` we recommend reading all inline comments (the rules after | |
a `#`) in the file once. There is a bunch of optional stuff in it. | |
If you want to know more about the `.htaccess` file check out the | |
[Apache HTTP server docs](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/) or more | |
specifically the [htaccess | |
section](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html). | |
Notice that the original repo for the `.htaccess` file is [this | |
one](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache). | |
## robots.txt | |
The `robots.txt` file is used to give instructions to web robots on what can | |
be crawled from the website. | |
By default, the file provided by this project includes the next two lines: | |
* `User-agent: *` - the following rules apply to all web robots | |
* `Disallow:` - everything on the website is allowed to be crawled | |
If you want to disallow certain pages you will need to specify the path in a | |
`Disallow` directive (e.g.: `Disallow: /path`) or, if you want to disallow | |
crawling of all content, use `Disallow: /`. | |
The `/robots.txt` file is not intended for access control, so don't try to | |
use it as such. Think of it as a "No Entry" sign, rather than a locked door. | |
URLs disallowed by the `robots.txt` file might still be indexed without being | |
crawled, and the content from within the `robots.txt` file can be viewed by | |
anyone, potentially disclosing the location of your private content! So, if | |
you want to block access to private content, use proper authentication instead. | |
For more information about `robots.txt`, please see: | |
* [robotstxt.org](http://www.robotstxt.org/) | |
* [How Google handles the `robots.txt` file](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/control-crawl-index/docs/robots_txt) | |
## browserconfig.xml | |
The `browserconfig.xml` file is used to customize the tile displayed when users | |
pin your site to the Windows 8.1 start screen. In there you can define custom | |
tile colors, custom images or even [live tiles](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn455106.aspx#CreatingLiveTiles). | |
By default, the file points to 2 placeholder tile images: | |
* `tile.png` (558x558px): used for `Small`, `Medium` and `Large` tiles. | |
This image resizes automatically when necessary. | |
* `tile-wide.png` (558x270px): user for `Wide` tiles. | |
Notice that IE11 uses the same images when adding a site to the `favorites`. | |
For more in-depth information about the `browserconfig.xml` file, please | |
see [MSDN](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn320426.aspx). |